Diabetes Type 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Diabetes Type 1 - Research Paper Example The World Health Organization (WHO) evaluates that there are more than 177 million cases worldwide and this number will increment to at any rate 370 million by 2030 (Gad et al., 2003). Further, the illness is related with a progression of optional wellbeing inconveniences. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is portrayed by relentless and variable hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels). Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), otherwise called insulin-subordinate DM, youth DM, or adolescent beginning DM, most normally presents in kids and teenagers. The commonplace period of beginning is under 25 years (Pepper, 2006). Likewise, as opposed to T2DM, T1DM event is commonly in people who are lean as opposed to corpulent (Myers, 2005). T1DM establishes roughly 10% of all people with DM and happens for the most part in populaces of Europe and North America (Champe et al., 2005; Gillespie, 2006). T1DM is expanding in occurrence all around at a pace of about 3% every year (Champe et al. , 2005). Like a wide range of DM, T1DM is related with expanded hazard for and a high frequency of specific intricacies. Consequently, DM by and large has been viewed as a condition of metabolic irregularities (for example metabolic turmoil of glucose, protein, lipids, water and electrolytes), microvascular ailment (for example retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy), and macrovascular ailment (for example ... T1DM patients are regularly youthful at the hour of finding. In spite of the fact that the pathogenic components are dynamic at an opportune time, difficulties as a rule grow later as the malady advances and are not as basic during beginning times. Etiology of T1DM Type 1 diabetes is the consequence of the loss of ? cells, which hence prompts lacking emission of insulin. It is commonly acknowledged that Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) is an immune system illness. The specific reason or reasons for the ailment are as yet muddled, be that as it may, a blend of hereditary and ecological variables appear to be included. Proof for a hereditary helplessness to IDDM is appeared through family considers. Around 6% of kin of individuals with T1D will likewise build up the infection, as contrasted and a pervasiveness of .4% in everybody (Levin and Tomer 2003; Leoni 2003). Offspring of diabetics additionally have a higher danger of gaining diabetes: around 3-6% of diabetic posterity get diabetes, contrasted and .4% of everyone. Intriguingly, the sexual orientation of the diabetic parent additionally appears to add to malady transmission, with posterity of diabetic dads being at a more serious hazard (about 9%) than those of diabetic moms (about 3%). Information from twin investigations (for example Levin and Tomer 2003; Leoni 2003) likewise appear to emphatically propose a hereditary inclination to IDDM. Concordance rates for monozygotic twins change between 35 - 70%, while the concordance rates for dizygotic twins is around 11 %. These rates increment with the time since proband determination; for instance, concordance is 43% inside 12 years of proband analysis, and half inside 40 years. Period of proband determination additionally is by all accounts a vital factor: the concordance rate for twins of

Leonardo Da Vinci as a pioneer in science Essay Example For Students

Leonardo Da Vinci as a pioneer in science Essay It wereâ easier for the develop acumen to recoup that confidence in fantasies which is the benefit and delight of adolescence, than for any of us to come back to a perspective which illuminated men have since a long time ago abandoned. On the off chance that our creative mind be sharp and our compassion speedy, we can maybe comprehend what it was that our harbingers accepted, yet we will never feel towards it as they felt. There are no dryads in the forested areas, no naiads in the streams, for us ; the impolitely slashed square of wood is no fixation to which we bow ; the tale of griffin or vampire doesn't dismay ; the naã ¯ve medieval marvel created by some devout relic has no capacity to affirm our confidence : in these things we identify at the most a moral story or a fantasy. The race makes certain advances, as a voyager travels through an unusual nation around evening time, without having the option to outline its course. Not exclusively are the entryways of birth and passing enveloped by the fogs of lethe, yet so too are the limits of progress. Just in the domain of reason, and of ethics got from reason, do all men stroll as equivalents and counterparts. The delusion of extravagant, the mist of strange notion, evaporate as the sun of reason wins ; once men viewed them as lasting real factors ; now we realize that they were fleeting ; thus lies the distinction among us and our ancestors,â€a contrast total and unalterable. As we are more adapted so are we more modern than our dads. We falter to state of any reality â€Å"This is final,† in light of the fact that conclusion infers a world bound in firm unchangeableness, while we see that our own is a familiar and unfurling world. This recognition, which is coming to be the basic property of cultivatedâ men, even of the individuals who endeavor most genuinely against it, recognizes the Modern from the Middle Age. To us, everything is in procedure of advancement; to the medieval, all thingsâ€religion, science, gov-vernmentâ€were fixed. The earth itself was to him the focal point of the universe, a fixed point round which the planets, sun, and stars rotated; his religion, figured some time before as indicated by heavenly transcription, may be neither revised, nor put being referred to. Reasoning was not the investigation of the endless by limited man, yet the activity of his psyche along an obviously characterized way which consistently bende d back to the beginning stage. Science was a blend of halftruths and absurdities: the decree of Aristotle, Ptolemy, or Galen being acknowledged as trustworthy, in any event, when obviously repudiated by the experience of consistently. Government, in principle at any rate, was an unbending plan fated from the earliest starting point. I am not worried to bring up what advantage the race got from that period of recipes ; benefits there were, if just in the information picked up that the spirit can't thrive in servitude ; my motivation is to point out new the differentiation between that age and our own, all together that we may gauge the size of the accomplishment of such men as Leonardo da Vinci who split away from mediaevalism, and who, however encompassed by conditions totally un-like our own, all things considered has a place in soul with our time as opposed to his own. That soul was the soul of request, the cutting edge soul; the medieval didn't ask, he underestimated. Not just in every one of those contemplations which frequent genuine mindsâ€the nature of God, im-mortality, conscienceâ€did he acknowledge without dispute the announcements passed on to him, yet in addition in simply physical undertakings was he un-basic. Peruse the manual of the clinical school of Salerno, and perceive how gossip and str ange notion replaced perception in the treatment of the least difficult type of ailment. Peruse Brunetto Latini’s â€Å"Natural History† and see what dreams were spread concerning the collective of animals. One model will outline the general disposition of mediaevals towards showing realities : There was an old tale that lizards can live in the most blazing fire. A cutting edge would have placed a lizard in the fire and watched the impact; the medieval, in actuality, never thought of applying so basic aâ test,â€he accepted the tale, and gravely rehashed it. His routine mentality was one of credulity. We need not wonder at this. Request surmises numbness, a commendable want to clean up questions. We don't argument about the augmentation table. Be that as it may, to the medieval a definitive riddles of human predetermination were entirely expelled from the pale of request; he probably won't comprehend the abnormal plan of the manifestation, of vicarious amends, of the revival, yet he trusted it, and accepting, he stopped to ask. He didn't question the truth of paradise or of limbo: he was more sure of the presence of hellfire than of the nations past his local mountains. This conviction couldn't yet demoralize examination concerning the base puzzles. Also, his statement of faith would in general cause him to detest the material world in which he lived. The Christianity which he affirmed was a composite of Hebrew, Persian, and agnostic convictions, which had been fitted together at various occasions. That they were commonly contra-dictory didn't inconvenience him, since he gave a proof of his confidence when he accepted inconceivable regulations ; that they clashed with the straightforward, real educating of Christ didn't inconvenience him, since that instructing came to him after chambers, specialists, and a hundred popes had stepped their few understandings upon it. Among the odd regulations which had twisted itself round early Christianity was the Manichaean tenet that issue is the result of an insidious standard, a Devil, who wars never-endingly against God, the maker of soul. This being acknowledged as obvious, the piece of the passionate medieval was plain : he endeavored to shun the material world as the Devil’s real m. This world included, obviously, his own body, which he embarrassed to the wonder of God and the frustration of Satan. To have permitted his regard for meander to the procedures of nature and to have analyzed into their causes would have been unholy and hazardous : unholy, on the grounds that in this manner he would have given to crafted by God’s foe intrigue which he should sanctify to God alone ; risky, in light of the fact that the Devil had shrewdly planted the universe of issue with draws to catch the spirits of men. Also, after all what would it be able to benefit him to gain proficiency with all conceivable information concerning the material world? In God’s world, in paradise, whichâ he wanted to enter after a short outcast here beneath, such information would be unimportant, futile, reprobate. His body, accordingly, was not only a dormant obstruct to salvation, it was the dynamic partner of the Fiend, who spread before all of the real detects attractions to tempt the spirit away from the examination of God. Delight got interchangeable with wrongdoing ; magnificence was the cov er of allurement. Just by a demanding austerity, a humiliation of the faculties, and a destitute of every unremarkable want, could the medieval enthusiast cheat the Devil. What Was the Renaissance Like EssayWhat we do know, in any case, is that in the fifteenth century a couple of men started to examine nature, probably from the outset, and with no hunch of the outcomes which such examination would reach. Principal among them was Leonardo da Vinci. Different examiners of that century, Copernicus the most obvious, have positioned higher than he in the chronicles of science; yet none, as I would like to appear, equalled him in logical gift. He was disenthralled from medieval biases, for he had a disposition so cleansed of speculations that in moving toward another reality his sole point was to find the genuine idea of that reality, unbiassed by what others had found in it. His interest was unquenchable ; his techniques were perception and test; his development was from the known to the obscure, though the medieval, as we have seen, underestimated the obscure, and stopped to ask. That Leonardo’s achievementsâ in science and development ought to ne ver have had due acknowledgment, is to be ascribed to some extent to their incredible rangeâ€the world recollects longer him who ventures farthest a solitary way, than him who voyages .far in many; and to some degree to a mishap which covered them for three centuries. Indeed, even now we have however a blemished record of them. Not as a contender for remiss fameâ€Leonardo’s acclaim is secureâ€but as a pioneer of the advanced soul, and as a most loved whom Nature trusted, let us consider him here. The significant realities in Leonardo da Vinci’s life can be quickly told. The regular child of a Florentine legal official, he was conceived at the stronghold of Vinci, on the Arno, among Florence and Pisa, in 1452. Vasari relates accounts of his young giftedness, which regularly aston-ished his educators, and of his affection for music. Being concede ted ahead of schedule into the studio of Verrocchio, he learned work of art and model, yet additionally the goldsmith’s workmanship, which, we may comment, had an impact not effectively to be registered in providing for the Florentine School of Painting that exactness, that dedication to the line, which recognize it from the Venetian School. How the youthful Leonardo painted into one of his lords pictures a blessed messenger a long ways past Verrocchio’s expertise, and how he drew a Gorgon’s head so life-like that it terrified people who happened upon it unprepared, need not here be rehashed. In 1472 he was at that point an autonomous craftsman, and during the following eight or nine years he worked in Florence, however to what reason we can just estimate, as practically all the products of this period have been lost. In 1480 he tended to a wonderful letter to Lodovico Sforza, dictator of Milan, requesting business and laying boss weight on his capacity as a military architect. The letter presented to him an encouragement to go to Milan, where he was occupied with mechanical and building undertakings, toward the path

Final Paper Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Last Paper Assignment - Essay Example Bonnie is played by Faye Dunaway, while Clyde is played by Warren Beatty. In spite of the fact that the two movies portray a storyline of two darlings who collaborate to do wrongdoing, the plot, message, savagery levels, reason, and the finale contrast. Common Born Killers and Bonnie and Clyde demonstrate that the world is a general public of media-crazed and big name fixated individuals who glamorize wrongdoing and savagery. Arthur Penn, Bonnie and Clyde’s chief, built up a plot that the individuals would cherish, a plot that would make the crowd begin to look all starry eyed at Bonnie and Clyde; he made it seem as though society made Bonnie and Clyde the brutal individuals that they were. Then again, Oliver Stone utilized Natural Born Killers to parody the media’s fixation on mass killers and sequential executioners, and the impact of this fixation on the general population. There are different similitudes and contrasts in how the two film noirs transfer their message; in any case, at long last, it is obvious that the media assumes a focal job in promoting and helping the lawbreakers by spreading polarizing thoughts, following everything they might do, and helping them escape from jail. The two motion pictures depend on a sentimental couple that decides to do perpetrate wrongdoing; Arthur Penn and Oliver Stone utilize their movies to acquaint the watchers with a universe of important malice suing their two characters, such that Western movies had never observed. The disputable film noirs acquaint us with the characters of Clyde and Mickey just like the deliverers of Bonnie and Mallory’s lives individually. Bonnie and Mallory originate from upset pasts, and they are sick of the manner in which they lead their lives. Bonnie is sick of life as a server, and Mallory is burnt out on living in an oppressive home, in this manner, meeting the joyful characters of Clyde and Mickey makes them extravagant the life of opportunity without limitation. Stone utilizes the tasteful of high contrast to depict the considerations of Mickey and Mallory when they

Urbanization in ancient Greece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Urbanization in antiquated Greece - Essay Example One key attribute of these settlements was absence of legislative authority past the limits of the town (Chant et al, 2000). Also, these towns didn't have any workshops or open structures. Such populist social orders endured on considerably after the presentation of horticulture. The populist social orders were delineated and transformed into practically specific units by the arrangement of states and urbanization (Chant et al, 1999). This procedure occurred freely in various districts of the world, most likely beginning from the Southwest Asian area, which was exceptionally ripe. The developmental time alluded to the period between the years 7000 to 5000 BC, which was described by urbanization and state improvement, which supplemented one another. Upon the definition of the libertarian culture, there rose craftspeople, ranchers, troopers, heads, shippers and clerics, with the urban communities turning into the human advancement center (Chant, 1999). In the advancement of Greece urban areas, the indigenous habitat just as the current innovations assumed a key job. These urban areas were worked in around the eighth century by the Greeks. Separating how the state of the structures in the urban areas was impacted by the common habitat or the accessible advances isn't simple. This is on the grounds that there exists a unique connection between the common habitat and innovation, with each forming or being molded by the other. Military advances and needs were significant determinants in the format and development of Greek urban areas. A portion of the underlying urban communities in Greece developed because of weight since the individuals expected to safeguard themselves structure their foes. Subsequently they were commonly situated on rough positions, which were viewed as faultless. They were likewise situated some good ways from the harbor, with substantial stronghold (Chant et al, 2000). Divider building end up being the most costly and arduous errand and included exceptionally amazing designing achievements in the engineering of Greece. Stone was in plenitude and was utilized the structure material, with its properties deciding the style of development. For example, lintels and posts were oftentimes utilized in the development of open landmarks. Stone, which was the structure material of decision, required lifting innovations that used individuals instead of cranes (Chant et al, 1999). Cranes were not being used until some other time, in 515 BC and past. They came into utilization because of work lack and not in view of their capacity of lifting bigger squares of stone. The impromptu development of the most punctual settlements was subbed by more proper structures, principally after Persian assaults in the fifth century. With the progression of innovation in the military, it got important to embrace a guarded design for the city avenues. During the time spent the recreation of these urban areas, there was improvement of various town arranging speculations, a large portion of which were incorporated, with the matrix plan getting normal. Aristotle upheld for a city plan of a protective sort, which utilizes both the sporadic and customary highlights. This, he contended, was planned for accommodating the strain of moving both the hardware and troops effectively, and to befuddle any aggressors (Chant, 2000). Regular habitat The area of prior settlements was for the most part dictated by the characteristic

Emotion Regulation Therapy for GAD What to Expect

Emotion Regulation Therapy for GAD What to Expect GAD Treatment Print What to Expect With Emotion Regulation Therapy for GAD An Introduction to ERT By Deborah R. Glasofer, PhD twitter linkedin Deborah Glasofer, PhD is a professor of clinical psychology and practitioner of cognitive behavioral therapy. Learn about our editorial policy Deborah R. Glasofer, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 31, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 12, 2019 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children erhui1979 / Getty Images Emotion regulation therapy (ERT) is a type of psychotherapy that has been successfully tested in adults with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and those with co-occurring GAD and major depressive disorder (MDD).  Born out of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) tradition, ERT integrates components of cognitive, acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches. Research has shown that ERT effectively and significantly reduces GAD and MDD symptoms by the end of a course of treatment. The benefits remain at least three and six months after treatment has ended. Preliminary studies of the mechanism of the intervention (i.e., the possible ways in which it is impacting change) support the idea that this type of talk therapy helps people better attend to emotional conflict and become less reactive to it. Though initially conceptualized as an intervention for those with chronic anxiety and recurrent mood problems, ERT is also undergoing evaluation as a treatment for people experiencing expectedly high, continuous distress such as caregivers to loved ones with cancer. What Exactly Is ERT? ERT is a present-focused, structured psychotherapy that emphasizes awareness of emotions, acknowledgment of the conflict between desires for safety and value-guided action, creation of a healthy distance from harsh, critical thoughts about the self, and adoption of a more compassionate view of the self. Emotional awareness is developed through education about the purpose of feelings. The use of meditation exercises aimed to help reduce emotional avoidanceâ€"to improve tolerance of the presence of multiple, sometimes conflicting, emotions and sensations. Emotions are conceptualized as arising from within and reflecting competing motivations. From the ERT perspective, people with chronic anxiety and low mood  worry  a lot, ruminate, and look to others for  reassurance  as ways to avoid unpleasant feelings and feel more secure about themselves or their circumstance. At the same time, these individuals really want to behave in line with their particular  life values. The motivational pulls of safety and reward may be experienced as conflicting with one another. Sometimes it is also hard to step far enough away from the worry or self-criticism to figure out the most rewarding course of action. In ERT,  imagery, exposure, and internal role-play is practiced during and between sessions to help individuals establish a healthy distance from their negative, perpetually critical voice. During ERT role plays, the therapist facilitates a dialogue between the patient’s conflicting internal voices. The goal of this exercise is to be able to cope better with an internal, distressed voice while continuing to act in accordance with ones values. Overall, this type of therapy aims to help people who are stuck in their headsâ€"ruminating, worry, and so onâ€"to return to the moment with increased awareness and ability to act with clarity towards identified goals. How Is It Different From Traditional CBT or  Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)? Unlike CBT, the cognitive work of ERT does not focus explicitly on labeling cognitive distortions. While there is a shared aim of enhancing awareness of one’s thought patterns and their impact on behavior, ERT stresses the development of compassionate self-talk over the overt weighing of evidence for and against a particular belief. ACT and ERT overlap in their goal of reducing the struggle to control or eliminate distressing emotions and enhancing proactive involvement in activities consistent with personal values. However, unlike ACT, ERT utilizes exposure- and behavioral-activation-based techniques during and between sessions in the latter phase of treatment. Who Provides ERT? An ERT therapist will be an active guide during a  session. Clinicians who provide this type of psychotherapy receive specific training in it. The therapist could be a psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, or mental health counselor. Ask about your treatment provider’s training background to ensure that they are experienced with this technique. What Happens During  an ERT Session? In the initial phase of ERT, the goals are to gain emotional awareness and tolerance and to begin to “catch yourself reacting” in the moment. Mindfulness of emotions is practiced routinely. Meditations are used, particularly in the service of helping people to gain perspective on difficult moments, feelings, and beliefs. The latter phase of ERT integrates exposure and behavioral activation principles in and between sessions. Sessions, therefore, might include a worry exposure, guided imagery of a feared scenario with a desired coping response, or role-play exercises in which an individual hears from and talks to his or her “worry voice.” ERT therapists may start sessions with an imagery exercise. Written (and ultimately, behavioral) homework is commonly assigned and then reviewed in-session. More information about the ERT approach can be found on the website maintained by the treatment’s developers, Douglas Mennin, Ph.D. and David Fresco, Ph.D. How Can  I Find an ERT Therapist? For help finding an ERT therapist, try referral sources such as   The Association for Contextual Behavioral ScienceThe Association for Behavioral and Cognitive TherapiesThe Anxiety and Depression Association of America

Dracula A Breaker Of Sexuality and Gender Roles In the Victorian-era - Free Essay Example

For centuries, monsters have been used to portray many bad qualities, personalities, and versions of humans. Monsters are used to help us cope with our fears and worst nightmares in society. According to Patricia Donovan, who wrote an article titled Monster Culture, fear of monsters has brought many communities and cultures together in the past (1). Many monsters are created to teach society a lesson in a way that they will pay attention, fear. When it comes to the infamous Dracula, he can represent many societal problems. Such as, sex, sexuality, sexual liberation, and gender roles. Dracula disrupts gender roles by sometimes taking the role of a motherly figure to other vampires. Which is different than the Victorian societal normalities. Dracula also challenges sexuality, by having totally different standards compared to the Victorian-era expectations. Bram Stokers infamous novel, Dracula is what brought Dracula into the limelight. The gothic horror novel was released in 1897, and it introduced Count Dracula. The novel tells the story of Draculas journey to move from Transylvania to England, so he can find new blood and spread the vampiric curse. Upon the release, Dracula wasnt an immediate success. The gothic novel had a lot of mixed reactions, due to the vulgarity and the sexual themes throughout the novel. As many decades passed, the novel started to get praised for the literary themes and concepts. Modern day readers appreciated and understood the importance of the novel, whereas Victorian-era readers seen the novel as a good adventure book. Sexuality has always been a prevalent part of society. Its been a recent hot topic and theres a lot of controversy that surrounds a persons sexuality. Not that there should be, but the world has many different views on sexuality. Whether its stereotypes or assumptions, someones sexuality will always be questioned, even a terrifying monster known as Dracula. This all stems from Bram Stokers Dracula, that sparked the questioning of Draculas sexuality. Sexuality in Dracula is pretty complicated, ultimately pointing out the sexual repression of men and women during the Victorian-era. Women during the Victorian-era were expected to be pure until marriage and not show any sexualbehavior that was considered promiscuous. In Dracula, Bram Stoker writes characters that come face to face with sexuality. Sexual repression is at the core of this theme. Both men and women are sexually repressed. As witnessed by Jonathan Harkers thoughts and actions during his jail time at Draculas castle. His sexual repression is best described in the following quote: I was afraid to raise my eyelids, but looked out and saw perfectly under the lashes. The girl went on her knees, and bent over me, simply gloating. There was a deliberate voluptuousness which was both thrilling and repulsive, and as she arched her neck, she actually licked her lips like an animalI closed my eyes in a languorous ecstasy and waitedwaited with beating heart.(Stoker. Chapter 3, page 8). To add onto the previous point abow, Jonathan Harker is about to be bitten by Draculas three daughters. The vampire women are highly sexualized and sensuous. They are free to act on their sexual desires, which is the exact opposite of men and women in Victorian-era society. When Jonathan is closing his eyes, it demonstrates that his inability to handle an open sexuality. But at the same time, he wants his desires to be met by stating that he was waiting in ecstasy. Jonathan wants the vampiric women to take advantage of him, since he views her sexual expressiveness as desirable. On the other hand, hes feeling shame because her sexual expressiveness is seen as repulsive as well. During the Victorian-era, women were very sexually repressed and werent allowed to be sexual beings. But in Dracula, when the women are turned into vampires their societal rules are different. Vampire women are allowed to express their sexualities and not be sexually repressed. When a character named Lucy, whos a nineteen year old girl whos described as beautiful and angelic. When Lucy is turned into a vampire, this following quote describes the sexual desire that Lucy is creating. her breast heaved softlyand then insensibly there came the strange change which I had noticed in the night the mouth opened, and the pale gums, drawn back, made the teeth look longer and sharper than ever,,, and said in a soft voluptuous voice, such as I had never heard from her lips; Arthur! Oh, my love, I am so glad you have come! Kiss me! (Stoker, Chap 18,4). This can be seen as a symbolic breaking out of Victorian-era sexuality, because when it comes to the gothic sexuality female vampires are allowed sexual freedom. Whenever women get a chance to express their freedom, men will most of the time challenge or take it. When Lucy turns into a vampire and gets her sexual liberation, Arthur (her fiance) drives a wooden stake through her heart and kills her. In Angel in the House, Devil in the City: Explorations of Gender in Dracula and Penny Dreadful, Lauren Rocha writes, The transformation of Lucy from a creature of purity and sweetness into an inhuman, unholy one exemplifies the threat of the vampire in the novel: that is, the corruption of women into sexual, uncontrollable beings (2). Since this novel takes place during the Victorian-era , Arthur was strongly against the new sexually liberated vampire that Lucy has become. The following quote describes how even in gothic sexuality, the male will always have power over a women. In order to restore Lucy as a holy, and not an unholy, memory,Arthur drives a stake through her heart. Arthur, Lucys fianc, whom she has tried to seduce with her vampiric way s, is the proper character to kill her; in doing so, he restores the gender balance in which men dominate and control the desires of women (Rocha, 2). As a final point on sexuality in Dracula, Count Dracula is also allowed to have sexual liberation (of course). Since Dracula has three brides, its in no question that Dracula does have power over the females in this novel. Which is the same as current and Victorian-era societies. When Draculas sexual orientation comes into question, theres no correct answer for it. It was never stated in Brams novel. A quote from Productive Fear: Labor, Sexuality, and Mimicry in Bram Stokers Dracula by Eric Kwan-Wai Yu, brings a scene between Dracula and Jonathan into the question about Draculas sexual orientation. That ambiguous scene, juxtaposing Draculas claim that Harker belongs to him with his alleged capacity for love, hints that Dracula, like his brides, is a pervert hungry not only for blood but for sexual gratification (Kwan-Wai Yu, 18). This is confirmation that Dracula breaks the sexuality normalities of the Victorian-era society. Any man during this period would never put a spell on another man to make him lustful towards himself. The Count is a monster driven by his bloodlust and hunger, and he does not discriminate the gender of his prey. Which could possibly mean that Dracula can be asexual. Asexual is a sexuality that makes an individual attracted to someone without sexual feeling; meaning Draculas bloodlust makes him attracted to anyone. ALthough, Dracula does indicate to his three brides that he has had a past love, Bram Stoker leaves no details about his past love and theres no future reference made to Draculas past love made again. Not only does Dracula break the roles of sexuality, he also breaks Victorian-era gender roles. Along with Dracula, the novel itself and its characters really challenged Victorian-era gender roles and was a bold statement during the time. Traditional gender roles are exemplified in the novel, Dracula. Men are seen as brave and heroic, whereas women are described as motherly and emotional. However, theres also different gender roles when it comes to the vampires. For example, Van Helsing says that, A brave mans blood is the best thing on this earth when a woman is in trouble when asking Quincy Morris to give blood to Lucy after she has been turned into a vampire. Helsing is expecting Quincy to be strong and protect Lucy during her time of need. Bram Stoker is highlighting Quincy as a strong hero, while labeling Lucy as a maiden in need. To add on too the traditional gender roles in the novel, Van Helsing compliments Mina by saying, Ah, that wonderful Madam Mina! She has mans brain a brain that a man should have were he much gifted and womans heart (Stoker Chap 18, 22). Helsings statement confirms that men are viewed as the intellectuals, while women are emotional and nurturing to men. Mina possesses both of the qualities of the genders, but these stereotypes are withholding a society of men and women that are unable to express themselves freely. For an example on Victorian-era women, Mina is seen as pure and an ideal women during this time period. Mina is the embodiment of what a women was expected to be during the Victorian-era. She is prudent, intelligent, caring, beautiful, and knows her place in society. Van Helsing says, She is one of Gods women, fashioned by His own hand to show us men and other women that there is a heavenso true, so sweet, so noble, so little an egoist and that, let me tell you, is much in this age, so skeptical and selfish, (Stoker, Chapter 14, Page 1). Bram Stoker writes Mina as an ideal Victorian woman, so he can present the unacceptable behavior of Draculas daughters. The three women serve as the complete opposite of the gender roles that were present during the Victorian-era. Theyre impure, radical, and evil. Everything that Mina, the perfect Victorian woman, is not. In contrast from Mina, the weird sisters are the women that disrupt the gender roles of the Victorian-era. The woman often participate in the act of seducing men, which the novel is clearly arguing against. During this time, women were expected to be the ones pursued by men and shouldnt seek a relationship independently. Men were the ones with all the power. They had the freedom to do what they wanted, when they wanted to do it. Men had sexual freedom, and were allowed to have multiple partners if they wished. The sisters are referred to as monsters by Jonathan, and commit despicable evil acts throughout the novel. On the scale of what defines appropriate female behavior, Lucy falls in the middle. Lucy behaves as a proper Victorian woman should and shows signs of purity, but at the same time, Lucys statements hint that she may be more progressive than other women in society. For example, Lucy says, Men like women, certainly their wives, to be quite as fair as they are; and women, I a m afraid are not always quite as fair as they should be (Stoker, Chapter 5, Page 1). She is aware that women do not fit the expectations of society and may be more aggressive than their male counterparts. This maybe Lucys way of showing her desire to break free from the patriarchal society of the Victorian-era. Later, Lucy transforms into a vampire, which allows her to experience the sexuality that has been so heavily repressed by the Victorian-era society. In contrast from the female gender roles in Bram Stokers Dracula, theres the Victorian-era male role. In the novel, theres a group of men called The Crew of Light. This group consists of five men; Jonathan, Dr. Seward, Dr. Van Helsing, Arthur, and Quincey. These are the five men that are set out to fight against Dracula. During the second half of the book, Jonathan joins the men to fight against Dracula; In doing so, Jonathan seems to gain a lot of the traditional traits of masculinity. Men during the Victorian-era are known for their bravery, intelligence, honesty, activity, and repression of emotion. All of the men are financially stable enough to have their lives surround around the hunt for Dracula. When it comes to whos the leader of the group, Quincey is a notable contender. Quincey is described by Stoker as a moral Viking, and is depicted as the most masculine of all. Despite the importance of masculinity that falls into the gender role of males in the VIctorian-era society, there are contradictions. In the novel, it seems that the Crew of Light must always aim for the moral high ground when they do unlawful activities. These unlawful activities include breaking into houses, breaking into crypts, and desecrating bodies. The men in the Crew of Light also have many emotional fits and can behave hysterically at times. Quincey is the only member from the crew to die. This suggests that an excess of masculinity may be less desirable in the long run compared to Jonathans more obvious blends of both masculinity and femininity. To add onto the male gender role, Dracula takes on the role of the nurturing mother in With his left hand he held both Mrs Harkers hands, keeping them away with her arms at full tension; his right hand gripped her by the back of the neck, forcing her face down on his bosom. Her white nightdress was smeared with blood, and a thin stream trickled down the mans bare breastthe vampiric society. When Dracula interacts with Mina, Dracula takes on the role of the mother. In the following quote, Dracula forces Mina to drink blood from his chest, (Stoker, Chapter 21, Page 1). Throughout the novel, Dracula has showed many signs of breaking the male gender role by showing femininity. Such as, Draculas fascination with Jonathan and he expresses that hes capable of giving love. Which, further connects him to the traits f the female gender role. When Dracula is placed into the motherhood role, Dracula is breaking the role of a traditional male during the Victorian-era. In Bram Stokers Dracula, theres many gender and sexuality breaking characters and incidents. During the Victorian-era women were very repressed, while the men always had the power. In the vampire society, women had the chance to have sexual liberation, as well as a little more freedom than the normal Victorian women. Males had to deal with toxic masculinity and always having to fit into the masculine role. No emotions were allowed from men, and they werent allowed to experience love, since they were seen as only something a woman was capable of. Stokers novel has a lot of relevance to todays society, as we still have many gender roles in our society. Sexuality is still a big discussion and a lot of these Victorian-era traditions and qualities are still held to our society till this day.

Essay about The Cynical Humor of Hamlet - 715 Words

The Cynical Humor of Hamlet A horrible event, such as a death in the family, can cause a cynical outlook on life. â€Å"Hamlets hubris is shown through his cynical humor towards others† (Adelman 164). Hamlet uses humor to escape his cynical reality in regards to Polonius, Ophelias father, Ophelia his true love, and Gertrude, his mother the queen. These three people help lead Hamlet to his eventual downfall. Hamlets conversation with Polonius is a good example of the Princes cynical humor. For example, Hamlet asks Polonius if he is an honest man. Polonius is taken off guard: Honest my lord? Ay sir. To be honest, as this world, is to be one man picked out of ten thousand. (II; ii; 177-178) Hamlets humor†¦show more content†¦The word sun has two meanings. It can be used as the sun, referring to his cynicism towards Claudius. Ophelia is like the sun and if she falls near the King, he will be a bad influence on her. It can also be looked as the son. The son of Ophelia will be crazy because its father, Hamlet is crazy. He is beginning to show the antic deposition act. Both conversations with Polonius show that Hamlets humor brings out the truth in the people around him. Ophelia, Hamlets true love starts to see the new Hamlet, the crazy Hamlet. He plays with her mind, by throwing out double meanings that are confusing, yet they have meaning to it. Ha ha! Are you honest? Are you fair? (III, i, 103-105) Hamlet could mean honesty in the meaning of being truthful and faithful in love, or virginal. He then asks if she is fair. Fair in beauty, or fair in his love. Both these questions arise confusion with Ophelia. Hamlet also shows his cruelty towards Ophelia. Get thee to a nunnery. Why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners?...Go thy ways to a nunnery. Wheres your father? (III, i, 120-128) He tells her to go purify herself and become a nun to purify the bawd that she carries with her. He explains to Ophelia that he deceived her into thinking he loved her. Ophelia reacts to Hamlets psychotic rants O, what a noble mind is here othrown (III, I, 147) Ophelia realizes that Hamlet, the man she once knew and loved has now gone mad. Hamlet has an encounter with his mother,Show MoreRelated Hamlets Destructive Humor Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesHamlets Destructive Humor      Ã‚   Humor can be funny and uplifting or cynical and destructive. Hamlets humor insults every one around him and its very cynical and leads to his downfall. When Hamlet insults people around him, his remarks are not clearly understood by the people who he is insulting. Hamlet makes Polonius look like a fool when he criticizes him with his words, and Polonius doesnt know that he is being fooled. 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His is rather the cynical chuckle of a grown-up watching a child assume grimaces of deep earnestness and self-importance.† Fayin further elaborated Chekhov’s humor by describing its steady transition: â€Å"In his earlier stories theRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesthose who embody or represent a single characteristic, trait, or idea, or at most a very limited number o f such qualities. Flat characters are also referred to as type characters, as one-dimensional characters, or when they are distorted to create humor, as caricatures. As in the case in many of Dickens’ novels, they often serve as convenient vehicles for humour and satire. These characters and their deeds are always predictable and never vary. Flat characters are usually minor actors in the novels