The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens - 800 Words

As a bestselling novel, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens by Sean Covey challenges students to become better versions of themselves through a methodology of intra- and interpersonal exercises taught by many religions and self-help programs around the globe. In this book, readers are taught that prioritizing, proactivity, good communication and intrapersonal strength are all equally important, and that one must achieve inner determination and self esteem before their relationships can be healthy. I agree with Covey, and believe that all of these habits are necessary to being an effective and successful teen. In an age where technology is so accessible and most things from 1998 seem out of place, I not only related to the text, but†¦show more content†¦I had taken part in writing mission statements, and I thought it was intriguing when Covey mentions, â€Å"Most companies, like Coca-Cola, have mission statements. But I think they work best with people† (81), beca use I didn’t realize people even made them. Remembering I used to write â€Å"Love God, love others,† on my arm in permanent marker, and considering my mother’s advice on choosing a career, I crafted a short, clear mission statement that will travel and grow with me throughout my life: Love God, Love Others, Love Thyself, Love What You Do. In order to grow and travel and abide by this mission statement, however, I must prioritize my life. In the beginning of Put First Things First, Covey provides an anecdote about the responsibilities of modern day teenagers: â€Å"I was listening to a speech on tape when the speaker began comparing the challenges faced by today’s teens to those of teens who lived 150 years ago. I listened with interest. I agreed with most of what he said until this: ‘The challenge that teens faced 150 years ago was hard work. The challenge that teens face today is a lack of hard work.’ [...] I think teens are busier today and working harder than ever† (106). I admire the fact that Covey stands up for my generation and defends us against pessimists who believe millennials have no work ethic, but I had never considered the fact that my priorities could be out of whack, even with the busy schedule and work ethic I tryShow MoreRelated7 Habits Of Highly Effective Teens1670 Words   |  7 PagesHailey Podskalny 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens, what is that suppose to mean? In each chapter of this book they’re describing different habits of teenager’s lifes. All seven habits are; be proactive, begin with the end in mind, put things first, think win win, seek first to understand, then to be understood, synergize, and sharpen in the saw. In this Self-help book by Sean Covey, this book was written to self-guide teens into right directions of success.Read MoreThe 7 Habits Of Highly Effective Teens1746 Words   |  7 PagesToday was the first day of the 2016 Emerging Leaders program and discussed being proactive, the first step of the 7 habits of highly effective teens. We learned about how trying new things will help in becoming a successful leader. This is important for me as I am very reluctant to try new things, and if I tried new things more often, I will improve my leadership skills. We were also showed the difference between being reactive and practice and the idea that a stimulus creates a choice to a responseRead MoreSummary: the 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens3575 Words   |  15 PagesThe 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens is a book authored by Sean Covey. It was in the year 2001 the Indonesian version of the book first published in Indonesia. Sean Covey’s father, Stephen Covey, is well-known for authoring his international bestseller book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, The 8th Habit: from Effectiveness to Greatness, and many other popular self helping books. Sean Covey himself writes other several self helping books as well. If practiced, the 7 habits Stephen and SeanRead More7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens - Short Essay623 Words   |  3 Pages7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens In the book 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens by Sean Covey brings 7 key things teens need to live a productive, open, and successful life to the table. Covey took 7 concepts teens are hesitant to tap into and made them easy to understand and adapt to. He manages to capture his audiences attention by sharing stories of other teens that we could easily relate to. Although each aspect of the habits were relatable to each aspect of my life, I was most engagedRead MoreThe 7 Habits Of Highly Effective Teens By Sean Covey1751 Words   |  8 PagesThe 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens by Sean Covey is a modified version of his father’s book, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. Unlike Stephen Covey, who wrote his book with the audience of adults in mind, his son’s book is targeted towards teens. â€Å" Covey avoids the academic writing style that one will find in Stephen’s and delivers the seven habits model in an easy to read, humorous style that does not lose any of the impact of the seven habits† (Change Management Coach). Being both entertainingRead MoreMy Life After Reading The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens644 Words   |  3 Pagesseeing that on the cover of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens I told myself to give it a chance. I had heard many different opinions about the book. Most of my peers were not overly excited when the y finished. However I decided to go into reading the book with a positive attitude knowing if I did enjoy it writing a paper about it would be much easier and I might even learn something. Reading The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens I saw many ways each habit pertained to my life. Some I feltRead MoreAnalysis of Sean Covey ´s The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens612 Words   |  2 PagesEffective Habits in Teens’ Lives Being a teenager can be challenging sometimes. Not many teens can easily cope with the pressure that comes from school, family, and friends. The author Sean Covey published The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens as a helpful book for teens that face many uncertainties during the emotional stage of growing up and getting ready to become adults someday. Since Covey managed to capture the readers’ heart with many relatable short stories along with deep insights, thisRead MoreI Am A Big Sign At San Diego Zoo1391 Words   |  6 Pagesall I did was procrastinate. How does grief and procrastination go together? It’s simple I procrastinated my feeling and moved on for 2 years, thinking oh well I can deal with these unknown feeling later. In the informational book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens by Sean Covey I found many connections to my personal experience. Covey states â€Å"The results of living in Q1 are stress, anxiety, burn out, and mediocre performance† (Covey.109). Q1 stands for quadrant 1 in the time quadrants. There areRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Great Gatsby 1633 Words   |  7 Pagesmore from it than I would have from the average novel. Title: The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens Author: Sean Covey Setting: This book has no specific time or place of occurrence, but Sean Covey is addressing teens everywhere during the present time. Major Conflicts: Although the book itself does not have any conflicts, rising action, falling action, climax, etc., it does contain several problems teens face. Some of these include self-esteem, organization, relationship issues, expectationsRead More Adolescents, Mental Health, and Cigarette Smoking Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagessustain increased dopamine levels by smoking, while coping with the addictive qualities of smoking, make this a hard habit to quit. Generally speaking, a smoker will take about 10 puffs on a cigarette in a five-minute period. If one smoked 30 cigarettes a day (1.5 packs), that person would get 300 hits of nicotine a day. These factors contribute considerably to nicotines highly addictive nature. (1). Even though most smokers would identify tobacco as harmful and express a desire to reduce

The Parallels Between The Great Depression And Great...

The two worst crises in history EQ: What are the parallels between the Great Depression and Great Recession? How can we prevent this economic catastrophes to happen again? Mr. Smith after looking for the last time at what was left of his investing, stood up from the black chair in his office and started walking toward the windows, He couldn’t live with this, a man who had always won during his entire life, a man who had always been successful, a man who came from nothing and made a huge fortune thanks to hard work, had lost everything. His feet were getting heavier and heavier as he was getting closer to the windows, tears started going down his cheeks, is that what he really wanted? Death? He reached the windows, looked down and saw all those small cars all those people that looked like small spots from that height and he jumped. It was another of those numerous men in suit and tie squashed on the ground by the Great Depression. This is one of the numerous stories of suicide that could be told during the period of the Great Depression. (AE Television Network) The Great Depression was the most severe and most lasting economic crisis the west industrialized history has ever registered. Many think that the Great Depression is black tuesday however the stock market crash occurred on tuesday October 29 1929, but Black Tuesday was instead one of the major causes of the Depression. As described by the economist StewartShow MoreRelatedThe Beginning Of The Great Recession1392 Words   |  6 Pagesa. The Beginning of the Great Recession The definition of a recession is this: a significant decline in general economic activity, typically involving two consecutive quarters of decline in gross domestic product (GDP). In December of 2007, the American economy experienced an event of this nature—the Great Recession. This global financial crisis stemmed from what seemed like an isolated disturbance within the subprime US housing market but transformed into a catastrophic event. The GR officiallyRead MoreThe Seven Themes Of History1320 Words   |  6 Pageschanged to the standard oil Company once Rockefeller bought up every single competition he had and formed them into one company. This evidence helped change the whole entire oil industry, just because Rockefeller worked so hard for this. The great depression occurred from 1929 to 1939. It was one of the longest economic downturn in the United States history. It occurred after Black Tuesday which is considered one of the biggest stock water crashes in the world. Si nce the stock market crash consumerRead MoreAmerica s First Great Depression : Economic Crisis And Political Disorder Essay856 Words   |  4 Pages Alasdair Roberts book entitled America s First Great Depression: Economic Crisis and Political Disorder After The Panic of 1837 introduces the reader to challenges the United States dealt with in terms of economic and political crisis. He thoroughly entails the drastic decline the nation witnessed shortly after The Panic of 1837 which he coined the start of America s first Great Depression. Alasdair Roberts is a well known Canadian professor at the Truman School of Public Affairs. He frequentlyRead MoreFlapper Dream Analysis1477 Words   |  6 Pagesto his generation about how the irresponsibility and emptiness of the wild lifestyle of the 1920s could lead to their downfall. In â€Å"Winter Dreams,† the character of Judy Jones represents the flapper lifestyle and the spirit of the 1920s. One parallel between her and the flappers comes in the form of her disregard for the customs of the previous generation, which Fitzgerald illustrates through her flippancy towards Mr. Hendrick on the golf course. Her remark â€Å"Did I bounce into the rough?† shows thatRead MoreDepression2810 Words   |  12 Pages. The Great Depression was a period of unprecedented decline in economic activity. It is generally agreed to have occurred between 1929 and 1939. Although parts of the economy had begun to recover by 1936, high unemployment persisted until the Second World War. Background To Great Depression: * The 1920s witnessed an economic boom in the US (typified by Ford Motor cars, which made a car within the grasp of ordinary workers for the first time). Industrial output expanded very rapidly.   Read MoreTaking a Look at the 1920s1642 Words   |  7 Pagesby hired executives. The regulating or coordinating authorities or public bodies was weak. Prior to 1930, there was a degree of freedom of business activity, protected from state interference, without any parallel with the business environment, which was more regulated after the Great Depression. The First World War was beneficial to the North American economy. They were separated by the Atlantic Ocean from the conflict, and became the major suppliers of essential supplies for survival and supportRead MoreU.s. National Bureau Of Economic Research1235 Words   |  5 PagesDecember of 2007 the Great Recession hit not only the american but the world’s economy. According to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) the struggle didn’t end in the United States until June 2009, and therefore had a duration of about 18 months. This global crisis â€Å"ranks fourth in terms of the weighted sum of countries suffering it† (NBER). Consumers, who had been the engine of the economy for the past several decades, suffered the loss of their jobs. Between 2 008 and 2009, â€Å"theRead MoreThe Cold War Between America And The Soviet Union1116 Words   |  5 Pagesbeginning in 1945 and lasting through 1991. Even though, the United States and the Soviet Union were allies during World War 2, political tensions arose between the two nations that resulted in the production of nuclear weaponry, race of producing superior space mechanisms, and billions of dollars spent. The Cold War is used to describe the relationship between America and the Soviet Union 1945 to 1980. Neither side ever fought the other – the consequences would be too appalling – but they did ‘fight’ forRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1333 Words   |  6 Pageshad to face racism and discrimination on a daily basis. Many families had to live in poverty due to the disenfranchisement of the African American community. The problem all began as a result of classism which all ultimately stemmed from the Great Depression. As times got tough, people reverted to racism and discrimination to appear superior. As a result of this, African Americans were deprived and forced into poverty based on skin color. White men of the time used skin color to keep other peopleRead MoreThe Influence Of Classism : A Poor Economy, Outdated Health Care Programs, And Classism1337 Words   |  6 Pageshad to face racism and discrimination on a daily basis. Many families had to live in poverty due to the disenfranchisement of the African American community. The problem all began as a result of classism which all ultimately stemmed from the Great Depression. As times got tough, people reverted to racism and discrimination to appear superior. As a result of this, African Americans were deprived and forced into poverty based on skin color. White men of the time used skin color to keep other people

Unemployment in India free essay sample

Unemployment is on the increase. It is one of the greatest problems of our society. After the students come out of the schools and colleges, what should they do? This is a big question before them. There are no jobs for millions of youth that are pouring out of educational institutions every year. Unemployment is a grave problem before our government and planners. They try to provide jobs to more and more People but the demand exceeds far more than the supply. With the exceeding number of educational institutions and growing Popularity of education, the problem is becoming more and serious day by day. India is basically an agricultural country. Agriculture is the backbone of our economy. Agriculture in India is not developed enough to accommodate all the unemployed youth. Our agriculture is still dependent on old and traditional ways of farming. The use of technology is not very popular in India. We will write a custom essay sample on Unemployment in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unless agriculture is modernized with latest scientific methods it cannot provide bread and butter to all the rural youth. They will continue to seek employment outside the bounds of their hereditary profession. Unemployment is closely related to the increase in population. The population of this country is increasing by leaps and bounds. All the steps to control growing population will help in solving the problem of unemployment. Problem of educated unemployed is all the more serious. When the educated youth fail to get employment as per their capability, they turn hostile. They fall prey to anti-social elements. They exploit them to serve their ends. They become a challenge for the society. They create law and order problem. The country has not become so industrialized that it can accommodate the unemployed youth. This situation has led to migration. There is a lot of pressure on big cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, etc. Every day thousands of youth reach these cities in search of employment. They create pressure on the civic amenities of these cities. There are various factors behind the unprecedented growth of unemployment. Poverty constitutes one of the major factors. Besides, lack of proper planning, corruption and illiteracy are also contributing to this problem. The government is very keen on checking unemployment. It is initiating various schemes to contain the problem. Soft loans are being provided to the youth to start their own business. In addition, training programmes for short-term skills are also given to the youth. There are lots of institutes which offer training to youths for various programmes. With liberalisation, more and more companies are coming to India. They offer job opportunities. It is good for our country. The situation is improving but with little pace. The most important thing is that government machinery should be sincere in implementing different schemes and programmes. Education should be made job-oriented. After the completion of education, our youth should not wait for employment. These measures will make a difference.

Butler’s Tourism Lifecycle Model Essay Essay Example

Butler’s Tourism Lifecycle Model Essay Paper Butler developed a theoretical account which shows how any tourer resort may turn. A resort may get down off from being a little. low key. finish. He suggests that all resorts go through the same kind of procedure. The seven phases of tourer development A graph of Butler’s resort life rhythm theoretical account 1. Exploration – a little figure of tourers visit the country. The country is good and few tourer installations exist. 2. Involvement – local people start to supply some installations for tourers. There starts to go a recognized tourer season. 3. Development – the host state starts to develop and publicize the country. The country becomes recognised as a tourer finish. 4. Consolidation – the country continues to pull tourers. The growing in tourer Numberss may non be a fast as earlier. Some tensenesss develop between the host and the tourers. 5. Stagnation – the installations for the tourers may worsen as they become old and run down. The Numberss of tourers may worsen excessively. 6. Rejuvenation – investing and modernization may happen which leads to betterments and visitant Numberss may increase once more. 7. Decline – if the resort is non rejuvenated ( present 6 ) so it will travel into diminution. Peoples lose their occupations re lated to touristry. The image of the country suffers. The Butler theoretical account is a generalization. and so non all resorts will follow this procedure. We will write a custom essay sample on Butler’s Tourism Lifecycle Model Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Butler’s Tourism Lifecycle Model Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Butler’s Tourism Lifecycle Model Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Application of Butler’s Tourism Lifecycle Model to Calafell A ; Sitges. Spain ( MEDC ) Sitges and Calafell are about equal-sized colonies lying to the south West of Barcelona. Both rely on touristry as a major beginning of income and employment and the survey aims to compare the comparative success of touristry. in its assorted signifiers. by using the Butler Model. 1. SITGES Sitges – a brief history Sitges is a town of about 25. 000 people and is located about 30 kilometers south of Barcelona. Originally occupied by the Romans on a defensive promontory looking out to sea. Sitges’ port was used to merchandise merchandises from the Penedes part and other topographic points from the Roman Mediterranean. Despite its direct contact with the sea. the town had more peasant husbandmans than fishermen. with vineries being the chief economic activity. In the eighteenth century Catalonia obtained permission to merchandise straight with the West Indian Spanish settlements and by 1833 more than 27 % of the Catalans trading with Cuba were Sitgetans. The lucks made were invested in the purchase or fix of the town’s old houses. Sitges. although located near to Barcelona. was still difficult to entree at the clip. but began to develop as a summer resort for taking the Waterss. Equally early as 1879. there are records demoing that baths were already being used as medicative therapy and watering place partisans straight became beach partisans. However. it was non until 1881. with the reaching of the railroad line from Barcelona. that touristry in Sitges truly began to develop. With the reaching of Santiago Rusinol in 1891 – one of the designers of Modernism – Sitges became the cultural Centre of the modernists. In 1909. Sitges was visited by Charles Deering. a North American millionaire who converted a street in the historic nucleus into a castle. the Palau Maricel. This castle and Rusinol’s abode helped launch Sitges to tourist celebrity. In 1918. the Terramar garden metropolis and the Passeig Maritim or Esplanade were constructed. Atraccion de Forasteros ( Tourist Attraction Company ) was created in 1928 and the Tourist Information Office in 1934. From so on. Sitges would go a European touristry standard compositor. Aerial position of Sitges’ historic nucleusThe Butler Model applied to Sitges1. Sitges Discovery Sitges was discovered early by people from the metropolis of Barcelona. It subsequently began to pull many creative persons and intellectuals such as Rusinol. Many affluent Catalans besides built 2nd places in Sitges to get away a much polluted Barcelona. Much of the early wealth of Sitges was based on trade with the West Indies and Cuba in peculiar. The houses on the southern portion of the Esplanade reflect this Cuban influence. 2. Sitges Growth and Development The local tourer industry remained in topographic point until the developments of the 1960’s when touristry from abroad first began to filtrate into the town. The development of the bundle vacation whereby riders booked flights. transportations and adjustment all in one engagement made topographic points such as Sitges accessible to people from Northern Europe. Furthermore. the usage of jet aircraft made such sensed heroic poems journeys now possible in under half of a twenty-four hours. Sitges responded to these developments with the building of big hotels such as the Terramar and Calipolis on the sea forepart. Other smaller hotels were besides built. frequently in converted Cubanesque houses. Restaurants. stores and bars besides opened to provide for the demands of the increased figure of tourers who visited in the chief season widening from mid-May until the terminal of September. 3. Sitges Success Sitges is now a major tourer resort. perceived as high position and providing for more flush visitants. It has a broad scope of 36 hotels and 12 pensions. numbering 2. 540 suites. It is popular with the homosexual community. many of whom vacation in Sitges during the summer season. This has added to the success of the town and is further reflected in the scope of high position stores and eating houses found at that place. There are over 150 apparels stores and 175 bars and eating houses. four times more than expected in a town the size of Sitges. Sitges has besides attracted many migrators non merely to work in the tourer industry but besides others to populate in the town. These include affluent people from elsewhere in Spain. every bit good as others from around the universe. The migrators comprise of 63 % from Europe and 30 % from Latin America. Many of the Europeans are populating for good in Sitges while others ain 2nd places in the town. Proximity to Barcelona airdrome and the coming of low-priced air hoses such as Easyjet and Ryanair have been an added encouragement to Sitges in pulling people on short interruptions. Today big Numberss of the tourers are independent travelers. doing all of their ain vacation agreements via the cyberspace instead than utilizing a High Street travel bureau. This has been particularly of import since the economic downswing as the bulk of visitants are here for short interruptions merely. 4 Sitges Stagnation Tourism trends alteration. Many of the early tourers to Sitges now looked for cheaper options to topographic points they may hold visited before or go tired of. New resorts opened as the Mediterranean states of Greece. Turkey. Cyprus and others developed their tourer potency and more established resorts such as Sitges saw a autumn in their traditional client base. This stage saw holiday companies such as Thompson remove Sitges from their vacation booklets. 5 Sitges Decline or Rejuvenation The autumn in the traditional tourer base has led Sitges to seek to develop more sustainable schemes. Many environmental betterments are in advancement and the resort has been rebranded as an all-year finish. To this terminal the calendar of events that Sitges offers extends good beyond the traditional vacation season. The extension of the season has been promoted with the production of a DVD with the subject ‘Sitges the art of living’ . This entreaties to high income professional groups to do Sitges a lasting base for multiple short interruptions in the Mediterranean Sun. Sitges has capitalised on its propinquity to Barcelona to go one of the chief finishs for Business and Conference touristry in Catalonia. Its specialized hotels in this sector include the Dolce Sitges. with over 30 meeting suites and the Melia Sitges. with a conference hall siting more than 1. 300 delegates and 16 meeting suites. Furthermore. the Sitges Council is shiping on a undertaking called ‘QUALIA Sitges’ to heighten touristry by working what is called the ‘creative economy’ . This refers to the development of activities associating to creativeness. art and civilization which will congratulate Sitges’ tourer based economic system. It aims to construct upon the earlier function o f Sitges as a Centre of art and civilization based upon the plants of the creative person Rusinol in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It aims to promote and advance cultural and artistic tradition with new engineering. The undertaking is a long term program covering the following 10 old ages and will see the development of a province of the art campus with a school of music and dance. a University of the Performing Arts and a Design Centre. These installations will convey in to Sitges up to 2. 000 pupils a twelvemonth every bit good as a farther 2000 occupations including academic staff and other professionals working in the QUALIA installation. It has been estimated that each pupil will pass about 750ˆ per month in Sitges of which 150ˆ will be on tourer and leisure installations. Added to this are the household and friends of the pupils coming to see them who are expected to add a farther 25. 000 guest darks in Sitges and the usage of the town’s tourer installations. Therefore. Sitges can be seen as traveling frontward in its programs to stay a major leisure finish by diversifying to guarantee long term sustainability. 2. CALAFELL Calafell – a brief history Calafell has a population of about 25. 000 people and lies 50 kilometer South of Barcelona. It owes its beginnings to a palace and occupied a defensive site on an inland hill. The name Calafell means ‘small castle’ and the earliest mention to it dates from 999AD. For old ages the economic system of Calafell was devoted to agriculture and angling. Like Sitges. the reaching in the late 1880’s of the railroad from Barcelona led to a alteration in its economic lucks. Calafell became more accessible and the development of 2nd places around the railroad Stationss flourished with the 1947 Garden City undertaking known as the Quadra de Segur. At first people lived there merely during vacation periods. but now the bulk of the population are lasting occupants. It was non until the 1960’s that touristry began to develop strongly in Calafell. particularly along the 5km of uninterrupted beach where legion flat edifices and hotels were constructed. With the approval of consecutive metropolis councils. a immense speculative roar in the 1970’s led to an eternal row of 6-storey flats confronting the sea. Later ordinances prevented inordinate perpendicular growing whilst inland the prohibition of edifice over two and a half floors led to more green infinite and a lower population denseness. Today. the town of Calafell is delimited into three really distinguishable countries. To the North. narrow streets surround the palace and the old church. To the South. and disconnected from the historic nucleus. the former seafront fishing small town has been converted into tourist country. And to the E is Segur de Calafell. a former Garden City of 2nd places developed on farming area environing the railroad station. | Calafell palace: the historic nucleus of Calafell is disconnected from the seafront beach resort| |Calafell seafront: 6-storey flats confronting the sea| The Butler Model applied to Calafell 1. Discovery Calafell. like Sitges. benefited from the gap of the railroad line but because of its greater distance from Barcelona. there was really slow development until a immense speculative roar in the 1970’s. Developers constructed hotels and flats to take advantage of the resort’s greatest plus – its long and broad beach. 2. Growth and Development The building of the promenade and the completion of the sea forepart flats and hotels attracted households from Madrid and northern Spain. peculiarly in the summer months. New concerns opened to provide for the demands of these people. 3. Success The 5 kilometers stretch of coastline consisting the beach resort of Calafell became to the full occupied during the high seasons of the 1970’s and 1980’s. However. Calafell neer attracted the bundle circuit operators in the manner that Sitges has done and the scope of hotels is really limited. 4. Problem – Stagnation The bad roar of the 1970’s and 1980’s resulted in the devastation of about all of Calafell’s original seafront. The fishing bungalows were replaced by an eternal row of 6-storey flats confronting the sea. As a consequence. the seafront lacks character and appeal and with the economic crisis and competition from other resorts in Spain and overseas. the figure of hotel suites has decreased by 17 % in the last decennary ( from 1. 690 in 1996 to 1402 in 2006 ) . The immigrant population now represents 20 % of the entire population of Calafell. holding grown quickly in recent old ages. However. Calafell has non attracted big Numberss of affluent people from elsewhere in Spain and Europe in the manner Sitges has. Alternatively. about 50 % of the immigrants are from North Africa. subsiding in the country of Segur de Calafell. Calafell therefore seems to be in stagnancy or diminution manner. Calafell: merely one bungalow from the original seafront remains today 5. Decline or Rejuvenation Like Sitges. the autumn in the traditional tourer base has led Calafell to seek to develop more sustainable schemes. Many environmental betterments are in advancement and the resort has been rebranded as an all-year finish. However. touristry in Calafell has taken a instead different way to Sitges. The family-orientated nature of the resort has been promoted. with Calafell gaining the ‘Family Holiday Destination certificate’ from the Catalan authorities in 2007. This recognised the family-oriented adjustment. eating houses and a scope of leisure activities provided. Calafell has a Children’s Club in the summer months and. like Sitges. has a tourer train running along the sea forepart and a 2nd associating the beach country with the historic nucleus inland. Calafell has helped open up the tendency for more active vacation chases and in 2008 became the first resort in Spain to offer Nordic walking. This. together with trekking and mountain biking are provided free of charge. with certified ushers. However. despite following the motto ‘Calafell tot l’any’ ( ‘Calafell. all year’ ) . the resort has struggled to widen the tourer season every bit efficaciously as Sitges. Calafell’s 2009 Municipal Urban Plan ( POUM ) seeks to halt the uncontrolled urban growing of the town. protect the natural and historical heritage and maintain and heighten the touristry that forms its economic base. Calafell needs to widen its touristry offer and new economic activities need to be attracted to diversify its economic system if it is to avoid going a dormitory town for Barcelona. It can hence be seen that both Sitges and Calafell cater for tourers but are two really different towns. The propinquity of Barcelona has enabled Sitges to turn much more quickly and diversify its touristry more efficaciously than Calafell with the consequence that the two towns have developed and evolved in different ways.

Comparing and Contrasting between village gold class cinema tickets for two people and an iPod touch

Comparing and Contrasting between village gold class cinema tickets for two people and an iPod touch Introduction Different products in the market serve different purposes to a varied clientele. When a product is being introduced in the market, a comprehensive survey by the respective company introducing it is required. The survey entails the kind of target market that the company aims at serving, this may be done through the use of questionnaires so as to have a comprehensive feedback about how people think or perceive your product.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing and Contrasting between village gold class cinema tickets for two people and an iPod touch specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance if you are introducing a product such as men’s suit, one will be required to conduct a survey on the type of suit mostly preferred by most men, the frequency of them wearing suits. Such kind of market surveys enables the company to have a clear line specification and a good plot on how to approach the ma rket and win the customers loyalty while still having a competitive edge over the other companies offering similar products. Similarly, to establish how your product will best suit the market needs, it important to know the market trends of different companies in the industry offering a similar product. For example, the introduction of technology could have rendered certain usages and techniques redundant and all the other organizations may have adapted the newly trends of the technology. Innovation is very key again to ensure that your company has an advantage over the others. Innovation will entail coming up with unique products serving the same purposes but in a modest manner (Silk, 2006, p. 101). Comparing and contrasting In order to compare and two products in the market, we need to look at how the different products serve varied needs in the market, the target group by the organizations selling the two products. We also need to look at the marketing strategy and share that the two products have in the market. Additionally, other factors that need to be put into consideration includes:- how best the products are advertised to consumers, the costs incurred in the production, distribution and the margin of sales obtained after selling products and the pricing of the different products. When it comes to the product target market, this entails the appeal that different products have to varied customers (Baker, 2010, p. 186). Some products may basically be manufactured targeting at meeting the needs of a certain age group or certain sex such as toys are meant for kids specifically.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketing approach taken for such a product will be different from those of adults. For instance, when it comes to advertising, it will be done in such a way that the kids can easily associate with such the games that kids like to pl ay. Marketing strategy being one of the basic modes to differentiate how the different products will get their way into the market entails companies concentrating on their limited resources to make the best out of them. That is looking into different opportunities in the market on how the company can increase its sales volumes at the minimum costs possible so that they can maximize on their returns expected. This is centered on the fact that the customer satisfaction is our key goal and aim (Orchard, 2007, p. 58). If a business is going to thrive in the industry, its life will depend on how the market is going to accept their product. This is the basic reason as to why most businesses will have most of their time and capital spent on making comprehensive market research. The two products in question are village gold class cinema tickets for two people and an ipod touch. These products are meant to serve different needs in the market to varied target customer groups. Village cinema h as established sites across Australia, the United States and Greece (Galbraith, 2005, p 342). Some of the cinemas operated under village cinemas branding includes:- Westfield Airport West, Century City Walk, Hobart, Crown, Jam Factory, The Mall Athens, Sunshine, Volos, Morwell, Geelong and others. Gold Class Cinemas are luxurious cinemas with varying locations across USA and Australia. They include butlered refreshments, cloakroom facilities, menu offerings and very comfortable relaxing seats. Bookings can also be made online at cinemas and comfortable seats. Village gold class cinema have used different and varying approaches to expand, and maintain their dominant market position in spite stiff competition from companies such as multiplex cinema complex, and other external factors such as increasing property prices leading to demographic change of the people living there.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing and Contrasting between village gold class cinema tickets for two people and an iPod touch specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There has been consolidation with the UK market. This is specifically meant to place the cinema village in a better position to meet the different challenges facing the organization. Confining to laws of the land where a firm operates is a necessity for the better operation of an organization. This is enhanced through the follow ups of set regulations in standardizing the product and the necessary process of production. There have been constant promotions such as free tickets for two. Such special offers enhance and boost the company’s revenues. The locations different locations are meant to reach out to different consumers in the different cities and countries. Gold class cinema is best suited for two and even more because of their different combinations with bars, sporting events, home cinemas, travel and restraints. Following the technological advancem ent, online reputation management has worked to save the various firms. It is usually labor intensive but fast in its effectiveness as it takes a short time of operation. Some of the other strengths may include the obtaining of a liquor license giving the cinema a competitive edge. An iPod touch is an ipod which has a high-resolution display, HD video recording, Face Time video calling, Game centre (handheld game console), music (portable media player), personal digital assistant. Also, the ipod enables photo printing, email, access of web pages, wireless stream music, video to apple TV and air play enabled speakers or receivers. Ipod touch has increasingly continued to thrive hard in the industry by its consistent dynamism over the years through coming up with appealing products, which are also highly competitive in the market. For instance, it revolutionized era of mp3 and the biggest or largest computer companies has major interests in the digital music industry. In spite of the varied challenges that it has faced in the market such imitators and pirates who flood the market with imitation bringing the quality of the products down. The loyal consumers also loose trust in the products since they cannot substantiate or differentiate them.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The newest ipods are unique from what the market offered earlier on. They are both for instance powered by dual ARM processor and a brand new version of portal player, the music player. Their different innovations have enabled the company thrive very well in the market. Other comparisons and contrasts include:- Advertising The most effective mode of advertisement used by both companies is through printing of adverts, use of the internet for posting adverts since they market their products world wide especially an ipod touch. Ipod touch advertises through the use of television since this gives the viewer a vivid picture of how the gadget works and looks like. Village cinema gold touch uses print media as the basic mode of advertisement. Target market The two companies are focused on the entertainment market. Village gold class cinema is meant for movie and theatre lovers, and the ipod is multipurpose as it can be used as a phone music device and can also down load movies (Miles Snow , 2003, p. 66). The ipod has catered for the needs of different target age groups as it has games for the kids, and other special features can be used by both teenagers and adults. Village gold class cinema tickets for two people are mostly meant for couples. Cost The costs attributed to the products proudly differ. For instance the manufacturing costs, which determines the selling prices of the products differ significantly. The raw materials used have different costs attached to them and hence the differing selling prices. References Baker, M. J. (2010). The Strategic Marketing Plan Audit: a detailed top management review of every aspect of your Company’s marketing strategy. Axminster, Devon: Campridge Strategy Publication.. Galbraith, J. R. (2005). Designing the customer-centric organization: a guide to strategy, structure, and process. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint. Miles, R. E., Snow, C. C. (2003). Organizational strategy, structure, and process . Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. Orchard, T. (2007). A History of the iPod: 2005 to Present. Low End Mac: Worth It!. Retrieved from http://lowendmac.com/2013/ipod-history-2005-present/ Silk, A. J. (2006). What is marketing? Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press.

Is The Use Of Animals For Research Purposes Justified

Is The Use Of Animals For Research Purposes Justified Ethical Issues about the Use of Animals for Experiments Animals have been in use for experimentation for a  long time especially in the medical field where it has enabled scientists to discover and gain knowledge and understanding of the biological processes as to improvement the quality of human life. Despite the wide use of animal experimentation in scientific fields, it has become an ethical issue that has pitted the pro-experimentation and against the animal rights activists that have been strongly challenging not only the legality of the continued use of animals for experiments but also the ethics behind it. This paper presents different arguments for and against the use of animals for research purposes. The population of animals has been dropping drastically worldwide in the recent times. A report by Jarrod in 2010 shows that the chimpanzees population has dropped from 2 million to just about 150,000 in the recent years. The same applies to the population of rabbits that has dropped from over 3 billion to just about 1.5 million today. The use of an animal for scientific research has been cited as a major reason for the dramatic decline in these animals population and those of other animals, such as rats, pigs, sharks, and dogs among others. In the US, animals are widely used in scientific research, especially in testing products consumed by humans, as well as the effectiveness of certain drugs. Want to learn more? Go here: Torture Is Never Justified How to Write a Case Study? The Internet Has Been Overly Commercialized Is Science Atheistic?   Legalization of Marijuana Issue Animal Testing is Required by the Law Despite the growing trend in the use of animals for scientific research, there has been a growing debate from different quarters of the American society with one side in support and the other in opposition. Supporters of the use of animals for experiments argue that the use of animals for scientific research is a good thing because it enables the scientists to discover some of the useful information about products and drugs that help in advancing the quality of life of animals and humans. Proponents of experimentation maintain that animals such as chimpanzees, mice and cows have 99.4%, 99% and 90% genes similar to those of humans respectively. As such, using these animals that have the same organs and nerve system is useful in making discoveries on things such as drugs and how effective or dangerous they can be on humans before permitting them for humans. They cite the US laws requiring that all prescription drugs be tested on animals before they can be allowed for sale in the market .   This way, any danger with the prescription drug is detected in the animals and avoided for use in the humans because the life of a human is more valuable than that of an animal. Secondly, proponents of the use of animals for experimentation argue that animals have no rights as human beings. They maintain that unlike humans that have the ability to reason, animals have no right. Therefore, animals cannot make a moral claim or defend themselves in an intelligent manner. Additionally, proponents of the use of animals for experimentation maintain that because animals do not have respect for humans rights, there is nothing wrong with using them for experimentation purposes. Experimentation Helps to Discover Medicines for Animals Thirdly, those in support of the use of animals for experimentation maintain that the use of animals for experimentation has resulted in the discovery of better veterinary medicines and improved welfare of animals. They speak about the heartworm a drug that was discovered out of research conducted on animals and has since proved useful in helping save the lives of many dogs across the globe. Besides, they cite that animal research has resulted in the better understanding of nutrition for cats and the reasons why cats live much longer than other animals and maintain good health. Additionally, proponents of the animal research argue that man has dominion over all other creatures. As such, man has control over animals and can do research with them. They cite Genesis chapter 1:28, where after God has created everything and blessed them, God instructed man to be fruitful and multiply, as well as have dominion over all animals of land, air, and sea. Testing Causes Animals Pain and Suffering Despite the strong arguments in favor of animal research, animal activists have strongly opposed the continued use of animals for scientific research arguing that it causes a lot of pain and suffering to animals. As such, because the suffering caused to animals is so high, there is no justification for the benefits to humans. Secondly, animal rights activists have strongly opposed animal experimentation arguing that there has not been any proof of the benefits to human. Jarrod 2010 research, for instance, found that the research conducted on chimpanzees in an attempt to try to discover the medication for HIV did not provide any result despite the claim that chimpanzees share about 99.4% of DNA with humans. Unlike humans, chimpanzees do not develop AIDS after getting infected with HIV. Other opponents of animal research also argue that even other animals that share similar DNA features with humans do not provide reliable test because they might not react in the same way as humans would. As such, it is wrong to continue subjecting animals to pain and suffering in the name of science. In conclusion, animal use for research is a common practice all over the world. However, this practice is raising ethical issues that need to be addressed soberly. Experiments should not be conducted in the manner that causes a lot of harm and suffering to animals.

Business ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business ethics - Research Paper Example The module takes ideas from all range of disciplines which include some of the greatest time while thinking how and understand, analyze all the ethical dilemmas in management. Business ethics Practical problems of the moral conduct in the business field, it emphasizes on the philosophy of the foundation of ethical conduct and other practical problems encountered daily. Much of the practical problems centers on the actual problem. Ethics is the study of what is admirable and right for human, business ethics refers to the aspect of human value. Business people speak about business ethics means, avoid breaking the law, in the relate work place, avoiding which may result in civil law against the company and avoid action which portray an unfavorable image about the company. All business are concerned with the three basic things, if not taken keenly the business can result to large loss and company reputation. A business theory addresses various sectors by assigning corporate attorneys and public relation to escort the employees on t heir dairy activities. Anytime an employee might stay a narrow and straight path for an acceptable conduct. Obviously, the solution would be a financial disaster is carried out in practice since it cost the company more. However, it is not the philosophers can teach the ethical issues, even if they can teach the advice will not be financially efficient. Morally responsible, pay attention to the product safety, truthful advertising and environmental impacts with excellent working conditions, we can never solve the tension between the ethical interests. Business people argue that the symbolic relation between business and ethics in which ethics naturally emerge from a profit oriented business. They are both strong and weak version of this approach; it expressed in dictum moral ethics result to a good business. It may be the best financial interest in respect of the company privacy policy. Moral business, practice usually has an economic ad vantage in the long run. It provides little incentive for business which is designed to simply as a matter of survival. More business practices are not economically viable even in the long run. Second approach to business ethic is the moral obligation in business which is restricted to what the law requires. Universal aspects of western morality have been put into a legal system such as, law against stealing, killing, fraud, harassment, validity and society wavers about its acceptance. Issue under consideration such as determining the counts is responsible in marketing in privacy in the work place. Moral requirements in the society become evident when considering societies that have strong external source morality, broad range of the requirements prohibits against sleeping partners that collect unearned money. Business ethics have limitation ethic is complex and history is filled with different theories, which systematically refuted by rival theories. We expect to find controversies when applying ethics in practices of the business. However, they bring closer to an acceptable moral behavior, close attention to ones profit motive and moral interest of consumers, in addition, the above business ethics help to examine stories of business that have a moral responsibility. Such often reveal blatantly crude,

An Appeal Letter for My Suspension Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Appeal Letter for My Suspension - Assignment Example I admit that I had a difficult time when trying to submit my papers through the internet. I do not mean to make justifications for the overdue submission, but I would like to clarify the situation. I recognize that I had plenty of time to tackle my pieces. Nevertheless, I completed the papers on time. However, I encountered some difficulties while I was trying to send my papers. The delayed submission of my papers was mainly because of the internet problem. I had to wait and by the time of resolving the internet problem, it was already late. I had the hard copies with me, but since you do not accept them, I had to wait and this made me submit the papers late. I know I ought not to have waited until the end to submit the paper, but I also had other personal problems that led to the late submission. I could have handled the assignment so well if my mother had not gotten very ill. While I was in school, my problems at home still affected me since I could not focus on my assignments. I recognize that ought to have informed you about it early enough, but I thought I could handle the issues but I failed. I like my course and this university and it would be very important for me to graduate from this school since finishing a college degree is fundamental within my family. If you withdraw the suspension, I will focus more on my studies and submit all my assignments on time. I promise that I will take fewer hours to complete my assignments and manage my time wisely so that I can beat deadlines. This will enable me to submit my assignments very early to avoid internet problems at the last minutes of papers submission in future. In addition, I have talked with my advisor, and I promise to follow his advice concerning communicating with my instructors early enough in case I encounter any problems. Additionally, I will get a tutor for those courses, which I find hard. Therefore, I have acquainted myself with the tutors at the college.

Impact of Training and Developement on Employees Essay Example for Free

Impact of Training and Developement on Employees Essay 1.1 Introduction The purpose of training is to help people learn something they need to know or able to do for specific purpose such as to achieve organizational objectives and goals, carry out specific tasks, prepare new responsibilities or attain their correct goals. Successful training programs share they affect changes, that are designed to achieve objectives that describe what people will be able to do as result of training are learned centered, not trained centered. According to paymond A. Noe etal, 2011: p 7 training is a planed effort to enable employees to learn job related knowledge, skills and behavior. For example many organizations offer safety training to teach employees work safety habits . development involves acquiring knowledge, skill and behavior that improve employees ability to meet the challenges of a variety of new or existing jobs, including client and customer demands of those jobs (Ibid). Development programs often focus on preparing employees for management responsibility, like wise if company plans to set up teams to manufacture products , it may offer development program to help employee learn the ins and outs of effective team work. Development implies â€Å"learning that is not necessary to related to employees current job† and development indicates that it is future oriented (M. londom 1989) training has the distinct role in achievement of an organizational goal by incorporating the interests of organization and the work force( stone R.j Human resource management, 2002) . however Training and development focus on enabling the employees to perform their duties better While HR functions focus on the day to day operations of the company, such as payroll, disability, and employee and management conflicts or issues. HR protects employees and the company by following the correct and legal guidelines for resolutions. 1.2 back ground of organization In 1994 STC (Somaliland Telecommunication Corporation) established by one of Somalilander and it was first Telecommunication Company in Somaliland. Later company started to open share by public in order to maximize capacity of the company. Then company expand service throughout main cities of Somaliland, such as Berbera Burco, Boorama and Lowyocado, then it become the biggest Telecommunication Company in Somaliland at that time It was booming for several years then conflict between partner the main source of the conflict was the administration. Which makes difficult the company to be competitive position compare to other that is why liquidation comes too finally. In 2006 January group of Somalilander, and Somalis bought the whole company they change the name of the company, from STC to SITALINK under the name of SITALINK it was working couple years. In 2008 JULY the name charge once more in to NATIONLINK, which is right now legal name of the company. This is Telecommunication Company that offering Service is All the Somaliland, Somali and other countries like central Africa, Congo, and Switzerland and so on. This is Company corporate. Services offering This Company like: * Mobile Service (GSM) * Landlines (PSTN) * Internet (ISP) * E- Mail, Cash Payment (Mobile Money) * VoIP Service Vision Working toward the future demands that we not only focus on todays needs, but also develop technologies for the needs of tomorrow. Mission Change and dynamic thinking is a distinguishing feature we relished over the years. In order To keep up with the pace of innovation and growth in the business of telecommunication our only choice is to embrace forward thinking and better adaptation to change. To perfect the art of better adaptation to changes is not a matter of choice, but out of sheer necessity. 1.3 statement of problem My preliminary indirect observation shows us that there is no specific policy of training and development that is guided to employees. And also invested employees with high cost of training which are sometimes sent to overseas, move from the organization, hence this is loss and it affects the efficiency of an organization. but on the other hand Nation link has all mostly HR policies that is written on organizational procedures, which are delivered to employees in order to act on their activities. As human resource officer of Nation link told the researcher that their HR policies based on Somaliland labor law. 1.3 Research questions 1.4.1 Did they have HR policy? If yes what did their policy state training and development program conducted in their organization? 1.4.2 Is there any criterion to select trainees? 1.4.3 What is training methods used? 1.4.4 Did training and development program have impact on organization’s performance? 1.4.5 Who do they use to do their training; ? 1.4 objective of the study 1.5.6 general objectives of the study is to assess the impact of training and development on employees performance of Nation link 1.5.7 The specific objective are :- a.) To establish HR policy especially training and development policy b.) To describe how they select trainees   c.) To know training method(s) used to conducting training. d.) To understand that training and development have impact on performance of an organization. 1.5 scope of the study Since it is difficult to comment on each and every department of nation link due to both the researcher and organization’s respondents busy as well and limited time, for these barriers, the researcher would like to focus only on the HR department at the Headquarter in Hargeisa town, because HR activities are handled mainly at the headquarter and this limits the study on activities of training and development. 1.6 significance of the study

To Kill A Mockingbird Essay: Parallels and Differences -- Kill Mockin

To Kill a Mockingbird:   Parallels and Differences  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jill McCorkle's Ferris Beach, a contemporary novel, shares numerous characteristics with Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, a novel written in the 1960's. Like To Kill a Mockingbird, McCorkle's novel documents the life of a young girl in a small southern town. The two narrators, Kate Burns and Scout Finch, endure difficult encounters. A study of these main characters reveals the parallels and differences of the two novels. Jill McCorkle duplicates character similarities and rape from Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird to show the reader how young girls think and develop. People throughout the world consider America the supreme country in terms of freedom. As a result of this assumption, many countries attempt to model their culture after the United States. The idea of imitating a successful organization or product exists in literature as well. Many authors write pieces of literature that modify other works they have previously read. Jill McCorkle's Ferris Beach, a contemporary novel, shares numerous characteristics with Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, a novel written in the 1960's. Like To Kill a Mockingbird, McCorkle's novel documents the life of a young girl in a small southern town. The two narrators, Kate Burns and Scout Finch, endure difficult encounters. A study of these main characters reveals the parallels and differences of the two novels. Jill McCorkle duplicates character similarities and rape from Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird to show the reader how young girls think and develop. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout Finch represents a young southern tomboy who strives to find her identity. The adults in her town of Maycomb... ... establish a critical view towards human eccentricities.       Ferris Beach accurately extends themes of To Kill a Mockingbird and develops them in interesting ways. The incorporation of the nicknames Scout and Kitty, as well as Boo and Mr. Radley, proves Lee imposes a significant influence on McCorkle's literature. However, the author gives her main character different characteristics and encourages her to react to situations in mature fashions. Kitty's description of Mr. Radley does not seem nearly as fantastic as Scout's evaluation of Boo Radley. Similarly, the two young girls react differently to their experiences with rape. The different weaknesses Scout and Kitty share increases their ability to handle more complex situations. Jill McCorkle extends Harper Lee's themes to explore various aspects of young females and their livelihood.   

Looking for patterns in elements of life Essay

Looking for patterns in elements 59 of the 92 naturally occurring elements had been discovered by 1850. Much of the work of trying to search for patterns in the elements was done by Johann Dobereiner and Lother Meyer in Germany John Newlands in England Dimitri Mendeleev In Russia Mendeleev’s Groupings Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4 Group5 Group6 Group7 Group8 Period1 H Period2 Li Be B C N O F Period3 Na Mg Al Si P SCl Period4 K/Cu Ca/Zn / Ti/ V/As Cr/Se Mn/Br Fe,Co,Ni Period5 Rb/Ag Sr/Cd Y/In Zr/Sn Nb/Sb Mo/Te /I Ru,Rh,Pd. Indicates element yet to be discovered Mendeleevs groupings were seen as more credible than previous attempts to find patterns in element. Unlike newlands, mendeleev left gaps in his table. They allowed for the discovery of new elements. He predicted the properties of an element called eka-silicon. He predicted that the element would go between silicon and tin in his table. The element was discovered in 1886 and called germanium. Since mendellevs death in 1907:   8 elements have been discovered   24 elements have been made in the laboratory the modern periodic table is based on mendellevs original table. See: Assignment 3 Activity EL3. 1 Activity EL3. 2 Activity EL3. 3 Ideas 1. 2 Ideas 11. 1 Ideas11. 2.

Hellenistic Art Essay

During the campaign of Alexander the Great as the greatest conqueror of his time, his father, Philip of Macedon tried to unite the Greek city-states. During this time, Hellenistic period was born creating a major advancement on their art. It was also in this period, that a global battle in commerce and cultural influences which are apparently dominated by the Greeks. The Greek Hellenistic period span from 323 B. C. up to the Battle of Actio in 31 B. C. The Hellenistic period paved the way to many transformations of Greek art. Though the Classical concepts in art were not thoroughly abandoned, the birth of the Hellenistic period made the artists create different and unique art concepts. The artists during this time explored and manipulated their imagination on their subject. It was also during this period that higher degree of Naturalism took place as a logical conclusion to great sculptors like Praxitelis and Lysipos whose works demanded for the art representation of the human figure. In a Greek art (Boy Jockey), the bold expression of energy and power during great pressure was represented. The change of focus of the Hellenistic art from religious and naturalistic ideas and concepts to human expressions, psychological concern and theatrical background, paved the way to the sculptures that includes the natural physical surroundings with creative landscaping and theatrical groupings. The Nike of Samothrace is a sculpture that embraced the true meaning and understood the world through the application of certain techniques and aesthetic conventions. The winged goddess with her outstretched wings gracefully prevents the stone from falling due to gravity. The sculpture also represented the physical human presence and the external force within it. The representation evidently speaks for the Greeks acceptance of the physical power of human being and all other external forces acting on it. The Hellenistic art in sculpture also represents human condition, state of mind and inconsequential moments of life. It is represented through sculpture like a sleepy satyr, an old woman, a twist of torso and the swing of Aphrodite’s sandal. The statue of the beautiful Venus was contrasted by the monstrous appearance of Pan who happens to seduce her as she attempts to repel him with her smile. During this period, the statues of Aphrodite, Eros, Dionysius, Pan and Hermaphrodites were manipulated in styles and configurations to give way to the theme of eroticism. In order to represent the unique physical beauty of women and the Greek world, statues of female nudes gain popularity. The statues of Venus in various orientations and poses were created and displayed in halls of many museums i around the world. Among the greatest work that personifies beauty is the sculpture of Venus de Milo. Many Hellenistic sculptors were not contented in depicting the true physical appearance of their subject. They included some variation through express the inner world. These variations were characterized through the depiction of physical characteristics that deceived inner feelings and thoughts. The most important work considered during that time is the statue of Hygea which combined the concepts of Classical Greek art in its refinement and Hellenistic aesthetic ideals on its facial expression of concern to the previous condition that existed before her. Works Cited â€Å"Art of Ancient Greece. † Museum Quality. 29 April 2009 http://www. huntfor. com/arthistory/ancient/anc_greek. htm Green, Peter. Alexander The Great and the Hellenistic Age. Orion Publishing Group Limited, 2008.

Philip Caputo, A Rumor of War

Philip Caputo, A Rumor of War Free Online Research Papers Philip Caputo was raised in Westchester, Illinois. He spent his fishing, hunting, and dreaming of â€Å"danger, challengers, and violence† (Caputo 5) in the Cook and DuPage County forest preserves. Tired of his dull life, Philip wanted excitement and a â€Å"chance to live heroically† (5). While attending Loyola University, Caputo rummaged through the Marine Corps recruiting material. Subsequently, he joined the Marine Corps Platoon leaders Class, attended Officer Candidate School, received his B.A. in English, and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant on February 2, 1964. Lieutenant Caputo was with the first ground combat unit to land in Vietnam in March of 1965 ( ). He went from a â€Å"boot brown-bar† (Caputo 33) to a seasoned infantry officer during his sixteen month tour of duty. Caputo started writing A Rumor of War in 1967 while living at the Bachelor’s Officer Quarters at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. He did not finish the book until September of 1976 in Pine Creek, Montana. After leaving the Marine Corps, he worked for the Chicago Tribune as a Foreign Correspondent. He was extremely busy reporting in areas such as Saigon and Lebanon that he did not have time to work on his first book; â€Å"the manuscript often lay in a drawer for months. There was a period, in the early 70’s, when I didn’t look at it for more than a week or two a year† (Caputo 347). A Rumor of War tells the story of the Vietnam War from the soldier’s perspective. Caputo puts everything into perspective by describing every detail of war through his personal experience. This account allows readers to have a better understanding of the reality of war and what these young men endured. Caputo has since written several novels including Horn of Africa, Del Corso’s Gallery, and Means of Escape. He currently lives in Connecticut and works as a Contributing Editor for Esquire Magazine. In the past Philip has written for The New York Times, Washington Post, Boston Globe, and The Los Angeles Times. He was also a member of the Pulitzer Prize winning team covering election fraud during his time at the Chicago Tribune. The overall critical reviews of Philip Caputo’s A Rumor of War are outstanding. Christopher Lehmann-Haupt of The New York Times hailed the book as â€Å"singular and marvelous, one that, tells us, as no other book that I can think of has done, what it was actually like to be fighting in that hellish jungle† (Contemporary Authors Online). The heartfelt and brutal honesty in Caputo’s writing had William Broyles of Texas Monthly declare â€Å"Not since Siegfried Sassoon’s Classic of World War I, Memoirs of an Infantry Officer, has there been a war memoir so obviously true, and so disturbingly honest† (Amazon). The magnitude of this story had John Gregory Dunne write â€Å"To call it the best book about Vietnam is to trivialize it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Amazon). Brian King of Clio’s Eye stated A Rumor of War â€Å"reflects much of the pain and ambivalence the nation came to know to well† (1). The general consensus regarding Philip Caputo’s works following A Rumor of War is excellent as well. The praise for Indian Country Caputo’s most recent novel is overwhelmingly positive. The New York Times Book Review states â€Å"Caputo is a fine action writer, controlling the sweep of the narrative with musical skill† (Vintage). The acclaim for Horn of Africa states â€Å"Philip Caputo, from Vietnam onwards, has understood the hardest truths of the modern world better than almost anybody† (Vintage). John Gregory Dunne claims that Caputo’s first collection of short fiction Exiles â€Å"will make the strongest among us weep† (Vintage). The book takes place in Japan and Vietnam. Okinawa, Japan is Caputo’s first duty station after graduation from Basic School. He was assigned to 2nd platoon, C Company, 1st Battalion, 3rd Marines where he served as Platoon Commander for a rifle platoon. There was nothing exciting about Camp Schwab; a camp that consisted of â€Å"ranks of concrete barracks and chain linked fences which looked more like a minimum security prison than a home† (Caputo 30). A short Taxi ride into town was the closest thing to civilization (Caputo 30). The streets of Heneko were lined with bars which had ridiculous names such as Bar New York, Club California, and the Blue Hawaii Lounge. Heneko was a place the Marines could rid themselves of the boredom of the isolated base. When the Marines were not unwinding, they were dreaming of action. In the weeks to follow, the Marines of One-Three would gear up and gear down in anticipation of going into Vietnam. Apparently the North Vietnamese had crossed into South Vietnam with the intent of overrunning the country. Excitement and confusion followed. The news of going in to Vietnam changed daily, along with â€Å"weeks of alarms and counter-alarms, stand-tos and stand-downs† (Caputo 37). In March they would finally land in Danang and set up a defensive posture in conjunction with the ARVN. The Marines would quickly learn that Vietnam was totally different than the place they were used to. The toughest battle they faced in the first month in the theater was not with the Viet Cong, but with Vietnam’s climate and wildlife. The mosquito netting and the insect repellant they brought with them â€Å"proved ineffective against the horde of flying, creeping, crawling, buzzing, biting things,† (Caputo 57) that they encountered. The heat and humidity were just as bad â€Å"the terrain and the climate and the attendant diseases were more of an adversary than the Viet Cong† (CNN). From noon until dusk the sun was relentless. Accompanied by a hot wind, it baked everything in sight including the Marines. The dense jungle canopy that they traversed through was also a major obstacle, which at times was so dense that it was impenetrable. The little bit of light that filtered through the foliage managed to â€Å"bathe everything below in a greenish twilight† (Caputo 83). Things could be hear moving around the under brush, but not seen. The monsoon season seemed endless and diseases such as malaria and dysentery were commonplace. The jungle of Vietnam was in itself a battle that was being lost. William â€Å"Wild Bill† Campbell was the platoon sergeant for 2nd platoon. A picture perfect Marine who was a veteran of the Korean War. He stood 6’3’’ and weighed 220 pounds. Campbell ate, slept, and breathed Marine Corps. Being a Veteran of the â€Å"frosin chosin† he was respected by his peers and subordinates alike. He was not a man of paperwork and sometimes he did not follow the Uniformed Code of Military Justice. Campbell would rather punish his men in different ways, which kept their records clean and kept them eligible for promotion. One of Campbell’s biggest passions was close-order drill. He had been previously assigned to Parris Island, South Carolina as a Drill Inspector. It was a skill that he had perfected. Given the opportunity, Campbell would march his platoon around the parade deck for hours. Sergeant Campbell didn’t like officers. He ran his platoon as he saw fit. In his eyes, he was the platoon commander and Caputo was just an â€Å"unavoidable nuisance† (Caputo 30). Campbell was considered a lifer, someone who was more motivated than the average Marine and in it for the long haul. Murph McCloy was also a Lieutenant with One-Three. He was a modest man from Kentucky. McCloy had already been with the unit before Lieutenant Caputo had arrived. Murph and Caputo became friends almost immediately. They hung out together on liberty and talked about anything to keep their minds off of the Vietnam War. They were together drinking beer in Okinawa when the call came in to head out for Vietnam. McCloy had done a pervious tour in Vietnam as an observer with the ARVN. Familiar with Danang he was eager to show Philip around the foreign town. They sat down to have dinner with the Commanding Officer of the ARVN battalion McCloy had served with the first night they had liberty. They found their way down to a brothel that McCloy used to frequent. Upon arrival they ran into three Marines from Charley Company who were just coming out. Murph, who was stunned, covered for both of them by saying â€Å"Lieutenant Caputo and I are checking to make sure you men are taking care of yourselves. We hope you’re taking precautions† (Caputo 143). A major theme in A Rumor of War is the men who fight in the war and the moral extremes that they confront along the way. War is a time that changes men. Things which are not accepted as normal behavior during peace time can be found here and are often considered ordinary or usual. As the book unfolds, Caputo observes acts of violence that do not seem right. One time, early in the conflict, he catches a young Marine trying to cut off the ears of a dead Viet Cong as a trophy. He stops the act immediately, but as he thinks about the act he understands why the young Marine was doing this. Another incident that happens is with the South Vietnamese. It was difficult to trust them because of the intelligence which stated how the Viet Cong were embedded in the South. When military operations went wrong the South Vietnamese people were blamed for aiding the Viet Cong, and the consequences for such Snafu’s included killing innocent people â€Å"Well, if it’s dead and Vietnamese, it’s VC† (CNN) or burning entire villages to the ground. These acts were not right. However, when a Marine was killed, it was not uncommon for anger to take over in committing extreme acts of violence. At the beginning of the Vietnam War, 2nd Lieutenant Philip Caputo was a man who believed in the ideals of heroism, serving his country, and being a part of something meaningful. He believed that the Marine Corps stood for all the right things: Honor, Courage, Commitment! Michael Steele states in regards to Caputo’s heroism â€Å"he bought the bullshit about heroism, the patriotic war. So, he goes and joins the Marines, and he records this embittering process† (Steele 6). Caputo maintained this point of view only for a short time. As his company goes to war and his men start dying, he realizes it was not all it was cracked up to be. As his men begin to doubt the fact that they will win this war, so does Lieutenant Caputo, being an officer he tries to maintain his military bearing, but in the end he tells a Marine â€Å"I’m not supposed to say this to you, but I don’t either† (CNN)! The imagery of military weapons and foreign lands are intense. Caputo does not fail in describing every detail of weapons firing and munitions exploding. During one firefight â€Å"three Marines managed to sound like a small army, with Crowe’s shotgun roaring loudly. Then came the flat dull blasts of 40mm as Allen laid down a barrage with his grenade launcher† (Caputo 265). After another fire fight, Caputo’s platoon was getting shelled â€Å"a sound as of lightening striking a tree, a splitting sound. The earth shuddered† (Caputo 270). Caputo also managed to capture Vietnam as if you were standing right next to him. Visions of everlasting green jungle canopies and a variety of blood sucking insects accompany you down his vivid trek through the jungle. Caputo describes the vegetation on a mission: the Cordiller spread out before us, and it was the most forbidding thing I had ever seen. An unbroken mass of green stretched westward, one ridgeline and mountain range after another, some more than a mile high and covered with forests that looked solid enough to walk on. It had no end. It just went on to the horizon. I could see neither villages, nor fields, roads, or anything but endless rain forests the color of old moss. The mosquitoes were terrible. They were so bad that the Marines would stay up instead of sleeping to try and take their mind off of the little bloodsuckers. In the jungle however, there were bigger animals to be afraid of. The â€Å"humid wilderness where the Bengal tiger stalked and the Cobra coiled beneath its rock† (Caputo 82) was just as dangerous without the Viet Cong present. As a member of the Marine Corps I can relate to some of the experiences Caputo illustrates in his novel. The training he went through prior to Vietnam carries on today. I spent a year overseas and understand the difficulties of being an American in a strange land. This novel â€Å"was first published in 1977 and has remained in print ever since† (Neiburg 4). A Rumor of War â€Å"remains a standard text on the Vietnam War† (Key West 1) and Caputo is â€Å"an important and perceptive commentator on what can happen when human beings struggle† (Key West 1) . William Spanos of Boundary 2 indicates the importance of Caputo’s message in his article â€Å"9/11 and the forgetting of the Vietnam War†. Spanos writes: it is imperative that intellectuals who oppose the United States’ representation and conduct of the ‘war against terrorism’ retrieve the forgotten memory of the Vietnam War as Caputo’s deeply backgrounded, representative text articulates it†¦it is not simply its spetcral witness to the terror of America’s exceptionalist ‘search and destroy’ mentality that, despite the sustained attempt to obliterate it from history, continues to haunt the present American government†¦(Spanos 63)Spanos continues to argue that the American action taken in Vietnam will persist in today’s war on terror â€Å"the United States will no doubt succeed in its military mission to defeat the Taliban and to re-create an Afghanistan nation-state in its own image as it did- several times- in Vietnam in the early years of the war† (Spanos 63). â€Å"Caputo, Philip,† 17th Annual Key West Literary Seminar. 12 Apr. 2005 â€Å"Caputo, Philip,† Amazon. 18 Mar. 2005 â€Å"Caputo, Philip,† Contemporary Authors Online. 2005. Thomason Gale. 12 Apr. 2005 â€Å"Caputo, Philip,† Vintage. 18 Mar. 2005 â€Å"CNN Cold War –Interviews: Lt. Philip Caputo,† CNN Interactive. 18 Mar. 2005 King, Brian. â€Å"Rumor of War: Reality of Combat.† 12 Apr. 2005 Neiberg, Michael S., et. al. â€Å"A Rumor of War A Conversation with Philip Caputo at 58.† Commentary Magazine Summer 2000:64. 18 Mar. 2005 Spanos, William V. â€Å"A Rumor of War: 9/11 and the Forgetting of the Vietnam War.† Boundary 2 2003: 29-66. Duke University Press. 12 Apr. 2005 Steele, Michael. Interview with Mike Steele. 18 Mar. 2005 â€Å"Writers Try to Make Sense of the Vietnam-Book Boom,† The New York Times 4 Aug. 1987: C17. 12 Apr. 2005 Research Papers on Philip Caputo, "A Rumor of War"Book Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionTrailblazing by Eric AndersonUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresMind TravelHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion

Power Structures in Early Rome

Power Structures in Early Rome Hierarchy: The family was the basic unit in ancient Rome. The father, who headed the family, is said to have held the power of life and death over his dependents. This arrangement was repeated in the overarching political structures but was moderated by the voice of the people. It Started With a King at the Top As the clans resting upon a family basis were the constituent elements of the state, so the form of the body-politic was modelled after the family both generally and in detail.~ Mommsen The political structure changed over time. It started with a monarch, the king or rex. The king was not always a Roman but could be Sabine or Etruscan. The 7th and final king, Tarquinius Superbus, was an Etruscan who was removed from office by some of the leading men of the state. Lucius Junius Brutus, an ancestor of the Brutus who helped assassinate Julius Caesar and usher in the age of emperors, led the revolt against the kings. With the king gone (he and his family fled to Etruria), the top power holders became the two annually-elected consuls, and then later, the emperor who, to some extent, reinstated the role of the king.This is a look at the power structures at the beginning of Romes (legendary) history. Familia: The basic unit of Roman life was the familia family, consisting of the father, mother, children, slaves, and clients, under a paterfamilias father of the family who was responsible for making sure the family worshiped its household gods (Lares, Penates, and Vesta) and ancestors. The power of the early paterfamilias was, in theory, absolute: he could even execute or sell his dependents into slavery.Gens: Descendants in the male line either by blood or adoption are members of the same gens. The plural of a gens is gentes. There were several families in each gens. Patron and Clients: Clients, who included in their number manumitted slaves, were under the protection of the patron. Although most clients were free, they were under the paterfamilias-like power of the patron. A modern parallel of the Roman patron is the sponsor who helps with newly arrived immigrants.Plebeians:The early plebeians were the common people. Some plebeians had once been slaves-turned-clients who then became completely free, under state protection. As Rome gained territory in Italy and granted citizenship rights, the number of Roman plebeians increased. Kings: The king was the head of the people, chief priest, a leader in war, and the judge whose sentence couldnt be appealed. He convened the Senate. He was accompanied by 12 lictors who carried a bundle of rods with a symbolic death-wielding ax in the center of the bundle (the fasces). However much power the king had, he could be kicked out. After the expulsion of the last of the Tarquin kings, the 7 kings of Rome were remembered with such hatred that there were never again kings in Rome. Senate: The council of fathers (who were heads of the early great patrician houses) made up the Senate. They had lifetime tenure and served as an advisory council for the kings. Romulus is thought to have named 100 men senators. By the time of Tarquin the Elder, there may have been 200. He is thought to have added another hundred, making the number 300 until the time of Sulla. When there was a period between kings, an interregnum, the Senators took temporary power. When a new king was picked, given imperium by the Assembly, the new king was sanctioned by the Senate. Comitia Curiata: The earliest assembly of free Roman men was called the Comitia Curiata. It was held in the comitium area of the forum. The curiae (the plural of curia) were based on the 3 tribes, Ramnes, Tities, and Luceres. Curiae contained several gens with a common set of festivals and rites, as well as shared ancestry. Each curia had one vote based on the majority of the votes of its members. The assembly met when called by the king. It could accept or reject a new king. It had the power to deal with foreign states and could grant a change in citizenship status. It witnessed religious acts, as well. Comitia Centuriata: Following the end of the regal period, the Assembly of the people could hear appeals in capital cases. They annually elected rulers and had the power of war and peace. This was a different Assembly from the earlier tribal one and was the result of a re-division of the people. It was called the Comitia Centuriata because it was based on the centuries used to supply soldiers to the legions. This new Assembly did not entirely replace the old one, but the comitia curiata had much-reduced functions. It was responsible for confirmation of the magistrates. Early Reforms: The army was made up of 1000 infantry and 100 horsemen from each of the 3 tribes. Tarquinius Priscus doubled this, then Servius Tullius reorganized the tribes into property-based groupings and increased the size of the army. Servius divided the city into 4 tribal districts, the Palatine, Esquiline, Suburan, and Colline. Servius Tullius may have created some of the rural tribes, as well. This is the redistribution of the people that led to the change in the comitia. This is the redistribution of the people that led to the change in the comitia. Power: For the Romans, power (imperium) was almost a tangible. Having it made you superior to others. It was also a relative thing that could be given to someone or removed. There were even symbols the lictors and their faces the powerful man used so those around him could immediately see that he was filled with power. Imperium was originally the lifelong power of the king. After the kings, it became the power of the consuls. There were 2 consuls who shared imperium for a year and then stepped down. Their power was not absolute, but they were like dual annually-elected kings.imperium militiaeDuring war, consuls had the power of life and death and their lictors carried axes in their fasces bundles. Sometimes a dictator was appointed for 6 months, holding absolute power.imperium domiIn peace the authority of the consuls could be challenged by the assembly. Their lictors left the axes out of the fasces within the city. Historicity: Some of the ancient writers of the period of the Roman kings are Livy, Plutarch, and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, all of whom lived centuries after the events. When the Gauls sacked Rome in 390 B.C. more than a century after Brutus deposed Tarquinius Superbus the historical records were at least partially destroyed. T.J. Cornell discusses the extent of this destruction, both in his own and in by F. W. Walbank and A. E. Astin. As a result of the destruction, however devastating or not, the information about the earlier period is unreliable.

Visual Perception (Psycology 101) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Visual Perception (Psycology 101) - Essay Example Thus the retinal stimuli or the image on the retina of the eye is pretty different to what is actually viewed by the eye in the first place. Scientists and doctors alike have been researching for a long time so as to understand the basis behind such an anomaly. The people who have interest at understanding this proposition thus make it a point to find out the exact basis of the visual processing which is taking place and the relationship that is formed up between the two as a result of the same. There has been some difficulty at understanding and thus translating the basis of visual perception and the eventual processing of the visual sense as to how the same creates or at times maintains what a person actually wants to see but the image is just not there at all. Thus this phenomenon holds a lot of ground for the people who fathom that eyes play a huge part in the development of the pictures that brain wants it to make and thus portray to the human being. It is for this reason that there has been work in the related field. As concerns to the unconscious or subconscious mind, we understand the fact that inference of an unconscious nature takes place. It was Hermann von Helmholtz who devised the study which was related with the visual perception. He stated that vision had a lot of part in the make up of the unconscious inference and thus it was contemplated that vision is indeed a part of the matter which discerns the basis for a probable understanding or interpretation as concerns to data which has not been considered complete by now. Gestalt theory also has its say in the make up of the visual perception discussion. With this, we find that Gestalt researchers raised a number of significant questions which had one thing or the other with the whole paradigm of visual perception. In fact they came out with the famous Gestalt laws of Organization which have to this day facilitated in the study of as to how people think

Medical case study report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Medical report - Case Study Example current medication include; Excelon 4.6mg/day, Warfarin  10/11 night, Ezetrol  10mg evening, Vitamin D 2000IU Daily, Panadol osteo 2x665 mg PRN, Dutasterid 0.5mg and Sinemet  (levadopa+carbidopa)100/25   5 pills a day. The patient falls of a chair and x-rays show blood clots on left knee and is administered Warfirm for AF, physiotherapy and dressing of the wound and blisters [1] This disease is characterized by loss vision sharpness, dry eyes as the disease progresses due to changes in the movement of the eyeball, similar to other motor symptoms caused by loss of dopamine neurons. This result into; trouble reading, the need to blink in order to change eye position, trouble opening the eyes voluntarily, known as apraxia, Eyelid spasms - blepharospasm, and excessive blinking, Dry eyes;  people with PD may blink only 1-2 times per minute, leading to itching and burning [2]. Changes in Perception includes: decreased sensitivity to contrast due to los of dopamine neurons in retina, color blindness, difficulty judging distance and people’s facial expressions and visual hallucinations due to medications. Advanced PD could also result into development of delirium due to prolonged medications. People with Parkinson’s may also have bladder problems, the need to urinate, even when the bladder is not full thus there is need to rule out the possibility of urinary infection or any immediate medical issue before administering a medication [3]. Carbidopa/Levodopa- Smaller doses of levodopa are required to prevent its side effects and being converted into dopamine in the blood stream and reduce nausea and vomiting and prolonged use also cause dyskinesias.Dopamine Agonists and includes: Pramipexole, Ropinirole, Rotigotine, Bromocriptine. These medications tricks the brain to think that it is receiving the dopamine it requires and is less likely to cause dyskinesias but cause other side effects such as hallucinations, nausea and sedation [4]. Anticholinergics

Gandhi and Wollstonecraft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gandhi and Wollstonecraft - Essay Example It firstly could be used to refer to a sovereign ruler’s external power and freedom. However, it is the second definition that applied more so to Gandhi’s perspectives, it a freedom of spirituality, freed from all illusions, and understanding of the great absolute truths. (Gandhi 17-18). The two concepts do have a relationship in Gandhi’s philosophy. He believed that it was not for people to behave violently against others, because only someone or something that had true understanding of all of the great truths has the right to judge another, which we do not. Swaraj could easily be referencing the afterlife and oneness with thought, knowledge, and inevitably God. Regardless of the motivations toward non-violent protest, many have attempted Gandhi-like protests with mixed results. Unfortunately, there may be advantages to non-violent protests, but the disadvantages are also rather extreme. Non-violence has been applied to many political and social struggles throughout history. Dr. Martin Luther King used many forms of non-violent protests to advance the importance of the Civil Rights Movement. One of the most famous and successful expression of non-violent protest was the Bus Boycott in the 1960s that, nearly plummeted the public transportation system (Mach 1). Of course, we cannot forget the actions of Rosa Parks, who peacefully but firmly refused to five up her seat. These non-violent actions contributed greatly to changing the world and ending the discrimination of segregation. In this case, that is what many people remember about his leadership. No matter how unkind, abusive, and ignorant people were his protest would remain non-violent. Another poignant example of non-violent protest is the â€Å"burning monk.† The Vietnam War is a controversial one; even today arguments concerning the actions taken during that time will garner great and heated debate. Protests were common in the

Matthew Barney: Artist Biography

Matthew Barney: Artist Biography The mythological world of Matthew Barney Matthew Barney was born on 25th March 1967, in San Francisco, California. He attended school in Boise, Idaho from 1973 to 1985. He was brought up between Idaho and New York and first encountered on visits to his mother. He went to Yale University, New Haven where he enrolled to study medicine but transferred to study Fine Art. After graduating from Yale in 1989, he made a swift impact on the art world. He has had exhibitions in San Francisco and London. He is based in the Guggenheim Museum in New York. While attending Yale he paid his way through college by modelling while studying medicine. After a couple of semesters, he transferred to the art department where his abstracts became popular. It was here that Barney began to experiment with Vaseline as a creative medium. From bursting into the art world in 1991, Barney has been able to create a distinguishing world from using multimedia, sculpture, photography, film and drawing. His work following careful study in process and the evolution of form has been informed by the human body, art history, cultural production and biological development. Early in his career he worked with sculpture fused with video and performance. His work reflects on his past as a gridiron footballer and a wrestler as well as the study of the human form and the work of many of his contemporary artists. Some of his earliest work in Yale was staged in the University’s sports complex. He is most famous for his work as producer and creator of the Cremaster (1994 – 2002) films – five visually excessive works which have been created out of sequence. Barney features in the films in a countless roles with some being as diverse as a magician, a ram, a satyr, Harry Houdini and infamous murderer – Gary Gilmore. Not only have his films included himself but have also included artist Richard Serra, writer Norman Mailer, and actress Ursula Andress. His use of imagery, narrative and dialogue weaves a unique mythology. These films are seen as a self enclosed aesthetic system. Jonathan Bepler composed and arranged the films soundtracks. These are not just a series of films, also involved are photographs, sculptures, drawings and installations which the artist produces in combination with each film. The title Cremaster refers to the muscle that raises and lowers the male reproductive system according to temperature, external stimulation or fear. The films are a mixture of autobiography, mythology and history, his universe is connected and densely layered. The film consists of anatomical allusions, with the position of the reproductive organs during the embryonic process of sexual differentiation. Cremaster 1 is the most ascended position while Cremaster 5 is the most descended. In Barney’s metaphorical universe these pieces represent a condition of pure potentiality. Over the eight years of production, Barney looked beyond biology as a way to explore form creation and took his universe to new levels and other realms indulging in biography, mythology and geology. Cremaster Cycle director/artist Matthew Barney. Matthew Barney, CREMASTER 3, 2002 Prodution Photograph,  © 2002 Matthew Barney Photo: Chris Winget, Courtesy: Barbara Gladstone Cremaster 3 was the final film in the series. It was the most elaborate of the five films. It referenced Barney’s position in the art world. This final film is set on location at Fingal’s Caves in Scotland and Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland. Both of these locations are symbolic. They resemble each other and are entrenched in deep mythology. These films have depicted a parallel mythological world, with rich and complex symbolism. It delves into the dilemmas and traumas that shape today’s society. This was Barney’s ambitious project which took a decade to make. It was packed with references to pagan mythology, modern architecture, popular culture, human biology and art history. The Cremaster Cycle has earned Barney much praise despite its notorious scenes of solipsism and banal masculine trials. It is a highly ambiguous piece. The Drawing Restraint series began in 1997 as a series of studio experiments, which draws upon an athletic model of development in which growth occurs only through restraint. When the muscle encounters a resistance, it breaks down and becomes engorged, but through healing the muscle becomes stronger. This series is well documented through video and photography especially 1 – 6 (1987 – 1989). Drawing Restraint 7 is marked with narrative. His concept lies in three elements – situation, condition and production. These constitute the origins of Drawing Restraint. They are illustrated in highly intricatecreative process of sexual energy divided into the three elements. This series was inspired by the condition of hypertrophy where the muscles of the body develop strength and size when they are placed under restraint. Barney has turned this from artistic production that investigates restraint as a source of creativity. It was in the project Drawing Restraint 9, a feature length film whose song track was composed by Bjork which consisted of sculptures, photographs and drawings which built upon the Shinto religion and on whaling. There are sixteen of these pieces. It’s as if his work is meant to shock. He art is a form of abstract and surrealism, with the use of aesthetic athleticism which underscores the sports iconography which is evident in his work. Through his work the audience can see his icons and who he idolizes in a cult status – Harry Houdini and Jim Otto and the system which he uses to portray these idols. He portrays them as satyrs, with athletic iconography, medical gadgets, mythological creatures etc. It leaves the audience wondering where he gets his ideas from. Once of Barney’s influences seems to be the work of Antonin Artaud and his ‘Theatre of Cruelty’ as it tends to stage events rather than men. When he broke onto the scene with his surreal sculptures and videos and form of art he was instantly successful. He is a phenomenon of his time and from his breakthrough his art has gotten strange and stranger. His is seen as the most important American artist of his generation. His unique production of films, which he also appears in, houses his sculptures and objects which he has designed especially for the use in his films. His ideas come from a host of sources – books and photographs. His work is not regarded by him or others as subsidiary to any others, they are an expression of him in different forms of the same ideas. Barney’s work is very ambiguous and it is best to accept it this way as this is his basic point. If the art is unresolved it is interesting. In the Cremaster series, he has stated that this idea is as a sexual metaphor, that the characters in his films can not be identified as being either male or female. He considers his work as abstract. He has been seen as a bad, late surrealist or because of the nature of his work as a sensationalist and that some of his critics are upset by the scope of his success. His success mirrors the success of Jasper Jones who made his debut some 40 years ago. After graduating from Yale, the word had begun to circulate about him around influential artists, dealers, editors and critics in New York. In the early 1990’s he was taken on by two galleries – Barbara Gladstone in New York and Stuart Regen in Los Angeles. At this point he was a huge phenomenon and he had not even had a solo show yet. By his absence he was present on the art scene, which is his trademark. His work was more accepted due to bad economic times as the galleries where more willing to take a risk on an artist without a track record than they had been in more prosperous times. It was through this that Barney’s work became marketable as well as his Yale connections. His early art work reflects the use of elaborate sexual and biological references and allusions to the world of fashion and sports with obvious links to those who went before him in the 1960’s and 1970’s the likes of Vito Acconci, Chris Burden and Bruce Nauman. His reviews seemed orchestrated because they were so good. Any bad reviews which he received were dismissive, like those of Hilton Kramer and through these reviews only heightened his profile. In the early 1990’s the art scene had become about conceptual art on identity politics and the body and sex which was visually meager. The peak was reached with Whitney Bienneal in 1993 and with this it seemed that the art work was doing a penance for all the excesses of the 1980’s. Critics had professed that he was a video version of Mapplethorpe and gay artists openly joked that he was the most successful young gay artist who was not gay. Barney’s idea of art is obviously meant to make the audience la ugh, it has its own strange sense of glamour and it is definitely not preachy. Formally his work was in tune with the younger generation’s priorities, where cross media and installations replaced painting as the dominant art form. His films instantly became collectables, as this medium was not traditionally used but with the advent of this technology it became hot property. This video art was making a comeback with performance art – two of his art forms, from the 1970’s when low technology videos had been used to record artist’s performance. The early 1990’s saw conceptual art be enabled by the technology which was now available and became about the story which the artist felt they had to tell. It was about gender identity and diversity politics and the more eccentric the art/ story the better. Barney’s work mirrored this image, his stories were plentiful and were all eccentric. He has even been referred to as the Wagner of the art world, as like Wagner, he has operated in a mythological language which has seemed irrational and his plan for the Cremaster series would take years to complete. His works are lavishlessly wordless, with soundtracks composed by Jonathan Bepler. They are very slow moving films with fantastic desolate settings. As the series progressed they became more visual with more saturated colours and costumes. His budgets were constantly growing but seemed non existent. He earns back the costs of his films through the limited editions of his photographs, sculptures and laserdiscs. He has, of course, sold his work through private buyers but it is the big museums which compete for his work and through this he has become somewhat of a cult figure. In the 1990’s he was American art star. He does not have any social ambition, public profile or interest in money which seems to enhance his allure. He feels that the bad reviews are more memorable to him than the good ones. He insists that he pays no attention to the critics and insists that his primary focus for art is as a sculptor and that his films reflect this. He is increasingly focused on the visual effects such as colours, shapes, and forms. He is ultimately the most important artist of his generation, in America at least, and as the audience have experienced his imagination is so big. His art is intensely visual and makes use of visual imagery. His works – performance works, sculpture and cinematic works are portraying a civilisation which is in decline. His work is full of references to freemasonry. His works are loaded with initiations and is full of symbolism. He has been proclaimed as the pioneer and saviour of video art and his work is most successful in the genre of body and performance art. He seamlessly creates dramas which are compelling with a compulsive force that are alive in a zone between the psychological and physical. He has a clear mythological vision which can be seen in his work. His practice is that of a diverse array including use of media, which includes performance art, sculpture, drawing, photography and i nstallation. He uses a varied variety of both traditional and unconventional set of materials to create this innovative work. His sculptures are the reinterpretations of his film themes for the gallery setting. Art critic, Jerry Saltz wrote of Barney: ‘One of the most interesting artists to emerge in the 1990’s, and hands-down†¦the most interesting when it comes to the way he works with video.’ Barney tries to establish narratives in which both characters and the environment are interchangeable and with the use of symbols he conveys the meaning or feelings. Matthew Barney has also been compared to the avant garde and this concept of the artist avant garde has been widely used in theories about modern art. This is a key component of modern art and has become synonymous. The terms of artistic freedom throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century through a succession of objects and practices. The modernist sense of avant garde has implied that art does not require external justification, whether it be political or ethical. Modern art critics have claimed that Barney is an advocate and paid up member of the present avant garde movement as well as being an important influence of modern art. His work definitely confirms the existence of a modern avant garde movement which he has followed on from the works of Clement Greenberg, Meyer Shapiro, Walter Benjamin and Thomas Crow. This avant garde movement emerged in the 1930’s in art but also in early socialist tradition. Once this tradition was established, work such as Barney’s has been more readily placed at the forefront of the movement. Thomas Krens, director of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation has acknowledged that from Barney’s first gallery show in 1991 he has developed a uniquely aesthetic vocabulary. Barney draws his ideas from all walks, from Hollywood movies, professional sports, mythology, medical processes, biological systems, and psychological pathologies. He has also drawn from hardcore music and spiritual tendencies and mixed them all to provide a blend of allusive narrative structures which he uses the media of film, sculpture, photography and drawing to articulate to his audience. He has been recognised in the artistic community as a great American artist whose work has attracted a vast audience both nationally and internationally. Matthew Barney matches all the cri teria for being of the avant garde persuasion which is active in the present art culture. David Hopkins, in his book After Modern Art 1945 -2000 recognises Barney’s work as interpretation that could be a parody of masculine aspirations. When Barney began to create his art it was widely recognised that there had been a crisis of masculinity which was tied to the social shift which arose from the empowerment of woman in the 1990’s. There were also the issues regarding cloning and genetic engineering. Hans-Ulrich Obrist, a contributing editor of the Tate Magazine described Barney’s work as ‘dense, compacted and multi-layered.’ Obrist is interested that the Cremaster series reaches back to a time of mythology, biology and the geology of creation while jumping forward to a time of modified genetics and the mutation of identity. Culture attempts to articulate changes but finds it hard to keep pace with the changing culture. Barney is on a journey alone in his efforts to build his parallel mythological world which probes into the traumas and dilemmas experienced in modern society. Barney in an interview with Scott Foundas spoke of his desire to communicate the tension within our culture between the male and female forms and the wavering between the sexes. Barney is interested in creating a field that attempts to locate desire and eroticism in an undifferentiated way. His work aims to challenge the grounded notions of gender through making a critique of society as a whole and the insistence of society to only view gender through binary opposition. The Guggenheim Museum in New York continues to exhibit young upcoming artist’s work while their careers are still young. Barney began his relationship with the Guggenheim Museum in 1996 when he was awarded the museum’s Hugo Boss award for excellence and innovation in the visual arts. But it was five years earlier that his status was declared as great. He was honoured with a solo exhibition at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Matthew Barney’s innovative work has been recognised by the contemporary art world and has won many accolades but despite these his work remains difficult to understand especially by the mainstream. And it seems to be only accessible to a subculture of artists and his supporters. Without these members he would never have received the attention or acclaim for his work. Barney once said in an interview with Michael Kimmelman (1999) Barney said ‘Art needs to be defended.’ And also ‘It’s fragile. If a work of art is shown too many times, something gets stolen from it. You come to it with preconceptions, or you get tired of it.’ Barney feels that when something becomes an image it is unrecognisable and because they are invested in the subject they cannot operate as an image. He is also worried about his work losing it authenticity due to issues of reproducing the images. Barney is able to draw his themes from issues which are relevant to modern society. Barney meets the criteria of the avant garde group in that he challenges the social conventions, he is an active member of a cohesive group, he maintains an authentic quality despite reproductions and he serves as a social mediator between social classes with drawing from themes of everyday life. His works, therefore, shows evidence that an avant garde does exist in modern and cotemporary culture and this work still remains a motivator for social advancement. Barney redefines the boundaries between the artist and the audience as he focuses on the broader theories of his medium. With his work, he is able to compartmentalise strategically the creative process w hich he then exploits the experience into one giant spectacular. He forges the different media together to create his tangible and imaginary worlds. Barney’s singular vision has created works which fuses performance and video with sculptural installations. The audience can see reflections of Barney’s past i.e. athletics but is able to tune into the new politics of the body which are evident in the work of many of the contemporary artists. His careful exploration of the body draws upon the athletic model of development which only occurs through restraint. Damien Hirst has been acknowledged as one of Matthew Barney’s contemporaries. Hirst was born in Bristol, UK in 1965 and now lives and works in London and Devon. He is the most prominent member of a group known as ‘Young British Artists’ (YBA’s). He has been dominant in the British art scene since the 1990’s and is internationally renowned. His career was closely linked to collector Charles Saatchi in the 1990’s but due to increasing frictions this relationship collapsed in 2003. Hirst was an organiser and organised an independent student exhibition while in his second at Goldsmith’s College in London where he studied Fine Art. Hirst has since admitted that he had drink and drug related problem which spanned a ten year period from the early 1990’s, during this time he was famous for his wild behaviour and extrovert acts. Hirst, too, has tried to challenge the boundaries between art, science and popular culture. He, like Barney, has a wide ranging practice of using sculptures, installations, painting and drawing. He has been praised for his work, his energy and his inventiveness. His work has made him a leading artist of his generation through his constantly visceral and visually arresting work. His work consists of the exploration of the uncertainty at the core of human experience, life, death, love, loyalty and betrayal. Hirst is best known for his work Natural History which features animals in vitrines suspended in formaldehyde. Hirst uses the vitrines to put meaning as both a window and a barrier, providing a minimalist frame but also to attract the attention of the audience. Hirst is also renowned for his paintings which includes his Butterfly Paintings which feature actual butterflies suspended in paint. Tracey Emin compared Hirst to Andy Warhol, in the mid 1990’s Virginia Bottomley descr ibed him as a pioneer of British art. Hirst sees the real creative theme as being the conception of the project not the execution. Death is a central theme in Hirst’s work and he became famous for a series in which dead animals a shark, a cow and a sheep, are preserved after sometimes been dissected in formaldehyde. The Physical Impossibility of Death in Mind of Someone Living. This piece became an iconic work of the British art world and its sale in 2004 made him the world’s second most expensive living artist after Jasper Jones. He has since eclipsed Jones when Lullaby Spring sold for  £9.65 million on 2007. Hirst has been a controversial figure not only through his art work but also on the public stage, on the eve of the first anniversary of the World Trade Centre attacks, he commented to BBC News Online (Allison, 2002): ‘ The thing about 9/11 is that it’s kind of like an artwork in it’s own right†¦Of course, it’s visually stunning and you’ve got to hand it to them on some level because they have achieved something which nobody could have ever thought possible – especially to a country as big as America. So on one level they kind of need congratulating, which a lot of people shy away from, which is a very dangerous thing.’ Following public outrage at his remark, he had to issue a statement through his company, Science Ltd (Science Photo Library Press Release, 15th March 2005): ‘I apologise unreservedly for an upset I have caused, particularly to the families of the victims of the events on that terrible day.’ In comparison, both Barney and Hirst are contemporaries in the modern art world. They are both renowned in their field. They are both out to shock and maybe this is not their intention. Barney through his use of mythological imagery and his use of the human form has been criticised but are these criticisms right. Can an artist not express themselves in this way? It seems that modern art is full of debate with regards to style and appreciation. There is plenty of shock value in both Barney’s and Hirst’s work. Critics have asked if the audience needs to see the imagery these two have produced. Barney’s work Cremaster is full of this imagery and it is based for a specific audience. He is trying to convey in his imagery the use of the body and how unstable the relationship between male and female is. He has both been praised and criticised for his work, Hirst has also been criticised for his work. It seems that the only way to grow within the art world is to prompt discussion and criticism. Both of these men are at the top of their profession through getting acclaim and winning various awards and prizes. They both use the abstract to create a surreal and almost sensationalist image. While Hirst is very public, Barney stays in the background with no public profile to speak of. Bibliography Allison, R., (2002) 9/11 wicked but a work of art, says Damien Hirst, The Guardian, 11th September 2002 Artaud, A., (1958) The Theatre of Cruelty in The Theatre and its Double, trans. Richards, M.C., Grove Press Crow, T., (1996) Modernism and Mass Culture in the Visual Arts, Yale University Press Edwards, Steve. Art and Its Histories: A Reader. New Haven: Yale University Press,  1999. Foundas, S., (2003) Self Portraiture Meets Mythology: Matthew Barney Talks about his Cremaster Cycle, IndieWire on the Web Hopkins, D., (2000) After Modern Art: 1945 – 2000, Oxford University Press Kimmelman, M., (1999) The Importance of Matthew Barney, New York Times. 10th October 1999 Obrist, H., (2006) Artist Project: Matthew Barney, Tate Magazine: Issue 2. 15th February 2006 Science Photo Library Press Release, 15 March 2005