Streets in Today’s Age

Dissertation Subject: Streets in Today’s Age Introduction: On a wider range, a metropolis is the base of invention, a platform for advancement of world, the stopper of power and hub for all societal, cultural and economic public assistance. Broadly, the metropolis provides solutions to show and unanticipated jobs, because things and phenomena take topographic point in the metropolis – a conglobation of clerisy. The metropolis grows and develops when it is in theodolite ; better the velocity, faster is its rate of advancement. And so is the construct of roads, where the fastest moving options are idealized. A street, though provides traffic motion, is a modest interlingual rendition of a route. Defined by borders of edifices, their fenestrations, adorned with tree lines, public activity is the trademark of a street. A Street marks the theodolite of the metropolis, yet, with the utmost solution happening step of edifice roads, our metropoliss have seen an upward tendency of change overing streets into roads. The thought of streets, in Indian scenario, can non be imagined without the informal activities of economic sector – the shoemaker, the seller, the tea stall, etc. these form the service countries every bit good as absolutely act as a back uping function to an synergistic life in the society. Now, because of the tendency of formalising every sector of economic system and transition of streets into roads, we lose the most of import usher to our societal life. On the contrary, because of the gait of our life, the ‘leftover pieces of streets’ on the present twenty-four hours roads simply warrant their character. For it is imperative that velocity governs the growing of the metropolis and the day-to-day life of its dwellers. Therefore, the really ‘solutions’ to the jobs of the metropolis, are disguised ‘problems’ of the turning metropolis. The thought of this thesis is to place the existent practically feasible stretches of street which can be or hold a range of set uping back into streetscapes. I would look into such stretches of streets and critically analyse its features employed in and around the country ; of how are its border conditions, how the street permeates into activities related specifically of the country. Therefore, while keeping the kernel of streets, this thesis aims to reevaluate the function of streets in the urban cloth of the metropolis activities in today’s visible radiation. Purposes:To understand the function of streets in today’s context.To measure up streets as practical entity to last the demands of the hereafter.To understand the practical deductions and Scopess of streets revivalAim:To research the multiple roles a street dramas in today’s urban context, stressing the usage of streets.To place the indispensable stretches of complete street and its kernel in the part around it.To understand the features of these specimen stretches.To analyse their border conditions, their Scopess of permeableness, degree of integrating with the societal facets of its users, etc.LITERATURE REVIEW: Patrick Geddes and the Metropolis, Partho Dutta The really ‘modern’ construct of urban planning became a outstanding country of treatment in the planning societies and diaries throughout the western universe, when the determination to switch the capital of colonial India from Calcutta to Delhi was taken in 1911. Other urban centres in colonial India of some distinguished bequests excessively came under the scanner of urban contrivers and the discourse of modern planning permeated in many Indian towns and metropoliss. Partho Dutta presents this paper in the 20Thursdaycentury puting to look at the ongoing contextual alterations in the colonial universe with regard to the metropolis of Calcutta. Colonial metropoliss were looked at with a common yarn of concerns and attitudes laid down by the British Empire – that was of the bonus to migration into metropoliss and the jobs of overcrowding and insanitation due to the rapid growing of mill based industries. This led to blight in 1896 and the primary concern of the colonial authorities was to safeguard the countries with important European populations. Thus modern planning in India had its root in the 19th century pandemics ( Gupta N, 1981 ) . Improvement Trusts were set up and the town planning motion gathered a impulse. Though, altering metropoliss meant altering people and therefore in bend meant altering society itself ( Topalov C, 1990 ) . After the efforts of the province to sanitise the family clashed with the traditional Indian impressions of pureness and pollution ( Dutta P, 2012 ) , the colonial town contrivers took an easy manner out by automatically implementing the Haussmannian theoretical account – of cutting wide wrappings of roads across the life colonies for efficient traffic circulation. Here in, Datta introduces Patrick Geddes as a contriver who is ‘culturally informed’ ( Goodfriend D, 1979 ) . Geddes believed that the capitalist modernisation has brought sea-changes, but had been unable to obliterate critical cultural symbols ( Chakraborthy S ) . He argued that the programs of the hereafter could merely be drawn on a thorough disentangling survey of the societal cast of the community. He put forth the ‘the diagnostic or civic survey’ procedure of recovery to ‘feel’ the organic signifier of the metropolis. A complimentary ‘conservative surgery’ to his civic study provided merely the needful intercessions, therefore bettering maximally by minimum devastation. He quotes, Tyrwhitt J ( 1947 ) : â€Å"†¦the method of Conservative Surgery.. , first it shows that the new streets prove non to be truly required since, by merely enlarging the bing lanes, ample communications already exist ; secondly that, with the add-on of some vacant secret plans and the remotion of a few of the most bedraggled and unsanitary houses, these lanes can be greatly improved and every house brought within the range of fresh air every bit good as of stuff sanitation – a point on which the more pretentious method invariably fails, as is apparent on every plan.† With the rules of Geddes in topographic point, Partho Dutta trains his gun on the Burrabazar, cardinal Calcutta’s most engorged and of import concern territory ; Geddes’ foremost proper to-be committee in colonial city. Datta describes Barrabazar as, â€Å"†¦ the country was diverse and included stores, godowns, residential edifices and bustis, though commercialisation had lent the whole ward a typical character. Overbuilt with narrow streets, which made it cryptic and impenetrable to authorities bureaus, its insanitation worried decision makers because of its close propinquity to the centre of authorities ( Writers Building ) . †¦ By reconstructing order in this ward, the authorities contrivers wanted to make a buffer between the Indian vicinities to the North and British 1s in the South. †¦ ( by the ) proposed Central Railway Station.† The CIT ( Calcutta Improvement Trust ) indicated that the ‘allocation’ of streets, cloacas and railroad lines seemed the lone manner to order the metropolis ( Boyer C, 1994 ) . Thus a destruction temper was set in the heads of the functionaries. When all other European disciplinary proficient functionaries had called in for a destruction, Patrick Geddes was called in for his study, as a town contriver, on the Barrabazar destruction thrust. As Ram Guha ( 2005 ) points out, Geddes confronted two major strains in modern planning at odds with each other. â€Å"†¦ the close association of concern demands to urban planning: the proliferation of capital had ever meant to restructuring of spaces†¦ and the other being the curse of modern be aftering how to rehouse the displaced working categories without arousing category conflict.† His study recommended three parametric quantities ; foremost, the debut of new street should aline east- West axis, the natural motion of goods and traffic flow. Second, the north eastern portion of Barrabazar was to retain its residential character and to develop the west country into modern concern Centre. Third, the minimum destruction of unsanitary belongings to happen, would be rebuild maintaining traditional urban signifiers in head to maintain the character of the territory intact. The CIT programs were motorized conveyance based, but harmonizing to Geddes, betterment in prosaic circulation was the current demand within Barrabazar, since grounds of mass circulation by pes, human portage and manus driven carts was excessively apparent. He was really vocal on the saving and extension of lanes, as Dutta quotes Geddes ( 1919 ) : â€Å"A lane after all is a paving without a route beside it, and some people value its soundlessness ; while its narrow breadth and shadiness gives coolness also.† His program showed hierarchy of roads – lanes for walkers, streets for assorted traffic, and roads for intra-city communicating. This would avoid choke offing up of individual avenues with motors, worlds, animate beings, thereby haltering mobility. His separation of traffic maps enabled faster velocity for vehicles and mobility for commercialism, still continuing the bing channels of communicating. Among some other natural intercessions discussed in his paper, Partho Dutta high spots on Geddes’ strategy for little unfastened infinites between houses – where he suggested planting of few trees to keep the holiness of these little countries and promote people to maintain them clean ( Geddes P, 1919 ) . His thought to do survive an unfastened infinite was to incorporate it with the community instead than go forthing it as a healthful ‘void† , as Parkss and gardens. Towards the terminal, Dutta puts frontward critics to Geddes’ work yet how his attempts could non stand tall to the might of the colonial powers meant for suppressing the province. Even though the paper is a record of Patrick Geddes’ work on Barra Bazar, Partho Dutta had to the full been successful in showing the Geddesian attack to street forms and public kingdom, by preservation of traditional ethos in town planning. His thought of non giving in to meaningless modernisation fad and seeking the optimum from the remainder inspires a manner towards look intoing the inquiries in my thesis. Autochthonal Modernities, Negotiating Architecture and Urbanism, Jyoti Hosagrahar A book written on the urban history of Delhi,Autochthonal Modernitiesis ambitious in its attempt to show the important alterations in the societal and physical surroundings of Delhi, in a period of a century between 1857 and 1947. Harmonizing to Jyoti Hosagrahar, these alterations though â€Å"modern† in their attack, were toned to autochthonal prescriptions, thereby coining the term, â€Å"Indigenous Modernities† ( Appadurai A, 1996 ) . The modernisation in Delhi was non an infliction from outside, but a homegrown endeavor germinating from within bing societal cloth. The modernisation of Delhi is seen in a intercrossed signifier, non ideal unidirectional type as envisaged by the planetary infliction of modernness. Infrastructure development, usage of new engineerings, debut of fresh public establishments, and growing of new lodging typologies are the illustrations of these intercrossed signifiers. Every alteration in the societal imposts and physical infinites was chal lenged, bargained, abandoned, and adjusted. The terminal consequence of which was non a picket or a lacking version of European modernism, but something which imbibed traditional and modern, old and new ; coexistence adopted anxiously ( Gupta N, 1981 ) . Hosagrahar establishes the metropolis of Delhi as a cultural landscape and sets the temper of the reader in the clip frame which rendered the glances of modernness in it. In five chapters she traces the decomposition of the domestic infinites ofhavelis ;the backdown of the community from the public kingdom ; the dislocation of traditional wellness and healthful systems ; denationalization ; and the commodification of community belongings. A brawny monetary value of modernisation was to be paid as it combined urban reforms with profit-seeking motivations. The many imposed societal alterations were cancerous and had the possible to destruct the societal cloth. However, the colonised dwellers proved resilient and appropriated modernness in ways they saw tantrum, guaranting their endurance and heightening their life chances. Delhi survived the going of feudal system, the birth of patriotism, and the attainment of independency, all in less than a century. The book highlights the monetary value that the metropolis paid and its dirty additions in private and public domains. In the wake of the Mutiny/First War of Independence ( 1857 ) ,havelis, abodes of landowning aristocracy, suffered from disregard and were converted into warehouses and smaller residential units ( Verma P and Shankar S, 1992 ) . These big houses had been the pillar of vicinities, because the residents supported craftsmans and their trades. At the same clip, the lifting entrepreneurial categories sought to populate in intercrossed versions of courtyard lodging and European-style cottages. Although the courtyards shrank and drawn-out households fragmented, older life styles did non vanish wholly. Attempts to bring forth public infinites as apublic goodwere contested passionately, accustomed as the occupants were to utilizing available land for their ain intents. Enforcement of bylaws and other ordinances met with considerable opposition since affairs refering belongings rights and territorial invasions had antecedently been resolved within the community or arbitrated by the seniors. New urban infinites generated by the edifice of establishments such as the town hall became the locales for nationalist presentations, so a sort of civic kingdom, independent of spiritual or royal associations, did emerge, even though it had a conflict-ridden generation. New medical systems of cognition and the pattern of their engineerings produced infinites and built signifiers — infirmaries and dispensaries — that did non wholly displace the stores ofhakimsandvaids, practicians ofunaniandayurvedicsystems of traditional medical specialty. Similarly municipal services including pipe d-water supply, sewerage systems, and trash aggregation did non ensue in the ostracism of sweepers. Hosagrahar draws upon municipal archives and her ain interviews with Delhi occupants to compose an urban narration that is handsomely illustrated with historic maps and exposure. The earlier chapters onhavelis, streets, and geographicss of wellness brand for more interesting reading than the last two chapters on land development and new lodging undertakings meant to make a â€Å" modern † citizen. In the narrative Hosagrahar sketches out for us, neither the coloniser nor the colonised appears to move out of baronial motivations, although the capable population deserves our understanding in their efforts to do sense of rapid societal alterations and adapt to them. While there was no straight-out rejection of modernness ( except possibly the last despairing gesture of rebellion in 1857 ) , there was considerable opposition to bumbling autocratic steps every bit good as reformer dockets. Private involvements, more frequently than non, triumphed over public good. In the 21st century, a new embodiment of colonialism, globalisation, is one time once more altering the urban landscape of Delhi. Just as sectors such as Civil Lines, Cantonment, and New Delhi consumed a far greater figure of resources and were dependent upon old Delhi for services, so make the new satellite metropoliss of Gurgaon and Noida depend upon older subdivisions of the metropolis. And merely as New Delhi ‘s landscape was â€Å" modern † in its definition, resting upon its differences from Shahjahanbad/old Delhi, so make these new developments aspire to a feel and image that isplanetary, derived from Western paradigms ( King A, 2004 ) .Dualities abound in post-independence Delhi. Municipal services in most subdivisions remain unequal, chunky settlements proliferate, there is an acute H2O deficit, and most citizens do non hold entree to healthful systems. This landscape of poverty is juxtaposed with a landscape of luxury in shopping promenades, skyscrapers, and hu ge verdure. With hindsight, it is alluring to categorise the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century attempts as a failed or uncomplete undertaking of modernness, destined to prevail in its mutant signifier into the following century ( Sinha A, 2007 ) . Possibly the flight of modernness would hold been different had its undertakings been implemented with greater sensitiveness to cultural codifications and customary patterns ; we should be after for the hereafter consequently. REFERENCE List: Gupta Narayani, 1981, Delhi Between Two Empires, 1803-1931: Society Government and Urban Growth, Oxford University Press, Delhi. Topalov Christian, August, 1990,‘From the â€Å"social question† to â€Å"urban problems† : Reformers and the working categories at the bend of 20th century’ ,International Social Science Journal, No.125. Dutta Partho, 2012, Patrick Geddes and the Metropolis, Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, New Delhi, pg. 3 Goodfriend Doughlas E, winter, 1979, ‘Nagar Yoga: The Culturally Informed Town Planning of Patrick Geddes in India 1914- 24’ ,Human Organization38, No. 4. Insight by late Prof. Satyesh Chakraborthy, Calcutta Tyrwhitt Jacqueline, 1947, Ed. Patrick Geddes in India, Lund Humphries, London, pg. 41 Guha Ram,2001, Patrick Geddes and Ecological Town Planning in India, a talk at the Urban Design Research Institute, Bombay, October 5, 2001. Boyer M. Christian, 1994,Dreaming the Rational City: The Myth of American City Planning, Cambridge, Mass. , MIT Press, 1983, pg 288 Geddes Patrick, Barra Bazar Improvement, A Report ( Calcutta: Corporation Press, 1919 ) pg 12 Geddes Patrick, Barra Bazar Improvement, A Report ( Calcutta: Corporation Press, 1919 ) pg.32 Hosagrahar Jyoti, 2005, Autochthonal Modernities: Negotiating Architecture and Urbanism, Routledge, London. Appadurai Arjun, 1996,Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, pg3 Gupta Narayani, 1981, Delhi Between Two Empires, 1803-1931: Society Government and Urban Growth, Oxford University Press, Delhi. Verma Pawan and Shankar Sandeep, 1992,Sign of the zodiacs at Dusk: the Havelis of Old Delhi; Spantech Publications, New Delhi. Sinha Amita, Report on Hosagrahar’s Delhi Identity, February 2007 King Anthony, 2004,Spaces of Global Culture: Architecture, Urbanism, Identity, Routledge, New York.

Effects of Reducing Class Size Essay

Education plays an important role in the society particularly on the development of the technical necessities, character build-up and the growth of the skills of each individual for the civilization’s improvement. Under this principle that the society itself and the concerned groups devote much attention and efforts in expanding and developing the educational system in the present to realize better benefits and potential for the people in general. This includes the constant study and improvement in the educational strategies and approaches being implemented in the common facilities and institution operating in this aspect. In this concept, the approach of reducing the size of the classes gathers much positive criticisms and reactions establishing this system to be an advantage for the general educational aspect. Class size is mainly the sectionalized grouping of the student community depending on the factors of institutions, grade level, and others including potentials, skills and even grades. In this aspect, the reduction of the class size is viewed to be a relevant factor on the development of the general cause as this is expected to result to more focused and close attention for each student in his or her respective classes. Indeed, the number of students is an important factor in the effectiveness and efficiency of the education given as this will determine the distribution of efforts, attention, and the participation of each student under the class grouping. Having a smaller class will give more time for the educational facilitator to focus more on the progress, problems, and performance of each student and the entire class as it now has smaller quantity. In addition, smaller classes are also more manageable making it an ideal learning environment for the students. In the aspect of class size reduction, consider the experience of the author of this paper regarding the actual observation of the learning environment in small size classes. In an actual experience, being in a small size class is indeed effective and more efficient for both the students and the facilitator. As observed, the teacher in small size classes can easily attend and observe the progress and performance of each of his or her student, as they are only quantifiably small. The teacher can also devote a significant portion of his time and effort for each student towards attending to their needs, monitoring their progress, and having an interpersonal communication for encouragement and evaluation. On the other hand, students in small size classes can easily approach their teacher as he or she has sufficient time for each. In addition, the environment is not that crowded and is manageable thus, radiating an inviting and progressive environment for the students. In general, the approach of reducing the class size in the educational institutions is indeed advantageous and effective for the progressive learning development of the student population for the development of the next generation.

Swot Analysis Mcdonalds

Running Head: MARKETING SWOT Analysis Answer 1. The company so selected for the sake of carrying upon SWOT Analysis is McDonalds. The company is found to run its food outlets all around the globe. It basically deals in fast-foods. The customers serve to be the main aspect for the company. It used to collect feedback from the customers on a regular basis. The SWOT Analysis is the tool that is used from the point of developing pertinent knowledge about company’s position in the market. From this, it can improve the weak areas and can strengthen the strong aspects more and more. The information regarding company’s SWOT Analysis can be derived from Company’s website, annual reports, books, articles and journals. All these prove to be effective from the point of developing knowledge about its strength, weakness, threats and opportunities (McDonald’s Corporation: The Past, Present, and Future, n. d. ). The strength of the company is that it is operating in accordance with various cultures. It serves to be a socially responsible company and actively work for community’s betterment. It is also placed on a great position under Fortune ranking list. The weaknesses linked with the company are that it failed to move towards pizza market. In addition to this, it needs to capitalize on the trend towards organic foods as well. The changing preferences of the customers also pose a problem in front of the company. The company understands customer’s value in business and that is why asking them regularly for more improvements. The health of the customers is taken into account with due effect and this makes it high (McDonalds, 2011). It serves to be the opportunities for the company. The threats are that the company faces intense competition and this makes things impossible. At the same time, it is also important to see to it that all these things need to be considered from the point of indentifying company’s actual position. The SWOT Analysis related to the company can be easily found out. But it seems to be very much general in approach. The point is to derive best possible information. The data and all other relevant information are not available easily while writing up SWOT Analysis for a company (Meldrum & McDonald, 007). Answer 2. The SWOT Analysis is being conducted by taking information from books, company’s website, articles etc. All these altogether supports a lot in making things carried upon effectively. The information is being collectively taken from all these sources. The best possible information can be derived from books and articles. Actually, things are quite understandable and comprehensible. With this, it becomes quite easy to u nderstand importance of things in a far better mode. The steps that are being adopted for checking as to information are valid or reliable or not. It is important to arrive at a better conclusion with the help of accumulating information from the authentic sources. The sources so utilized need to be effective and valuable so that interpretations can also be made properly and successfully. In addition to this, SWOT Analysis can be performed and carried out effectively as well (Our Company, 2011). Answer 3. The manager of the company is required to carry upon strategic decisions on the basis of company’s position. The SWOT Analysis so carried upon leads to make things effective and successful in approach. The information so derived online seems to be somewhat ineffective in approach. It would be better to go for developing more knowledge from some better sources. With this, it is for sure that decision-making can be made effective and good in approach. The situations need to be analyzed with due effect as well. It would make manager confident as well as self-assured from the point of carrying upon business practices in a far better way. The other relevant sources that can be used for the sake of completing SWOT analysis for the company are that proper studies and company’s previous records need to be examined and investigated with due respect. It would lead to make things effective and appropriate for the company as well (McDonalds Corporation, n. d. ). References McDonald’s Corporation: The Past, Present, and Future. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 15, 2011, from http://2myprofessor. com/Common/Sample%20Projects/McDonald%27s_Corporation. PDF McDonalds. (2011). Retrieved March 15, 2011, from http://www. mcdonalds. com/us/en/home. html McDonalds Corporation. (n. d. ). Swot Analysis Mcdonalds Running Head: MARKETING SWOT Analysis Answer 1. The company so selected for the sake of carrying upon SWOT Analysis is McDonalds. The company is found to run its food outlets all around the globe. It basically deals in fast-foods. The customers serve to be the main aspect for the company. It used to collect feedback from the customers on a regular basis. The SWOT Analysis is the tool that is used from the point of developing pertinent knowledge about company’s position in the market. From this, it can improve the weak areas and can strengthen the strong aspects more and more. The information regarding company’s SWOT Analysis can be derived from Company’s website, annual reports, books, articles and journals. All these prove to be effective from the point of developing knowledge about its strength, weakness, threats and opportunities (McDonald’s Corporation: The Past, Present, and Future, n. d. ). The strength of the company is that it is operating in accordance with various cultures. It serves to be a socially responsible company and actively work for community’s betterment. It is also placed on a great position under Fortune ranking list. The weaknesses linked with the company are that it failed to move towards pizza market. In addition to this, it needs to capitalize on the trend towards organic foods as well. The changing preferences of the customers also pose a problem in front of the company. The company understands customer’s value in business and that is why asking them regularly for more improvements. The health of the customers is taken into account with due effect and this makes it high (McDonalds, 2011). It serves to be the opportunities for the company. The threats are that the company faces intense competition and this makes things impossible. At the same time, it is also important to see to it that all these things need to be considered from the point of indentifying company’s actual position. The SWOT Analysis related to the company can be easily found out. But it seems to be very much general in approach. The point is to derive best possible information. The data and all other relevant information are not available easily while writing up SWOT Analysis for a company (Meldrum & McDonald, 007). Answer 2. The SWOT Analysis is being conducted by taking information from books, company’s website, articles etc. All these altogether supports a lot in making things carried upon effectively. The information is being collectively taken from all these sources. The best possible information can be derived from books and articles. Actually, things are quite understandable and comprehensible. With this, it becomes quite easy to u nderstand importance of things in a far better mode. The steps that are being adopted for checking as to information are valid or reliable or not. It is important to arrive at a better conclusion with the help of accumulating information from the authentic sources. The sources so utilized need to be effective and valuable so that interpretations can also be made properly and successfully. In addition to this, SWOT Analysis can be performed and carried out effectively as well (Our Company, 2011). Answer 3. The manager of the company is required to carry upon strategic decisions on the basis of company’s position. The SWOT Analysis so carried upon leads to make things effective and successful in approach. The information so derived online seems to be somewhat ineffective in approach. It would be better to go for developing more knowledge from some better sources. With this, it is for sure that decision-making can be made effective and good in approach. The situations need to be analyzed with due effect as well. It would make manager confident as well as self-assured from the point of carrying upon business practices in a far better way. The other relevant sources that can be used for the sake of completing SWOT analysis for the company are that proper studies and company’s previous records need to be examined and investigated with due respect. It would lead to make things effective and appropriate for the company as well (McDonalds Corporation, n. d. ). References McDonald’s Corporation: The Past, Present, and Future. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 15, 2011, from http://2myprofessor. com/Common/Sample%20Projects/McDonald%27s_Corporation. PDF McDonalds. (2011). Retrieved March 15, 2011, from http://www. mcdonalds. com/us/en/home. html McDonalds Corporation. (n. d. ).

Personal description of a change in YOUR life - The Big Change and How Essay

Personal description of a change in YOUR life - The Big Change and How I Faced it - Essay Example His visit was for two months and I decided to accompany him since I had my vacations. This vacation was to leave a very important lesson in the diary of my life. It brought with it a big change for me and I faced this situation in the best possible manner utilizing all my skills. The lesson was the importance of humanity and the fact that every being in this world has a duty towards his fellow being in suffering. The things that I came across when I visited Haiti were important for me and my life. My father was assigned along with his team to reach the earthquake struck country on the 1st of February that is just approximately two weeks following the earthquake. I insisted on going with him and he agreed to the fact. I believe that his agreement to my demand was due to the fact that my father also wanted me to see the world and learn from the happenings of the world. I believe that he actually wanted me to have firsthand experience of the happenings and the suffering of other human b eings so that I incorporate the importance of human lives within my character. He also wanted me to understand the fact that it was our duty to assist those in need. When we reached Haiti, I was very surprised and taken aback by the situation. The people were living in extremely poor unhygienic conditions with no proper clothing and shelter. They had still not gotten over the grief of the loss of their loved ones. To further aggravate their conditions, there was no proper food for them and it could be understood from their circumstances that disease spread would reach its peak if proper measures were not taken to assist these people. As soon as we reached, my father and his team started their work with the supply of sources that they had. It was the first time I had been to such a place and the firsthand viewing of human suffering had put me in a state of shock. I was very depressed and I did not go out of our residential camp for the next three days as I did not have the courage to go and see the pain and plight of the people. Till that day I was living in a world of my own and it was now that I had actually seen that what difficulties a person could face in his life. On the fourth day, I gathered strength and I had decided what actually needed to be done. I was a very different person from what I had actually been when I had reached Haiti. I analyzed the importance of human lives and I understood that we have a greater duty towards this world of being of assistance to all those in need. Every human being has a duty towards his fellow beings. I incorporated this important belief in my mind that it was our duty not to just see people suffering but actually utilize all our skills to be of assistance to them with all the resources in our reach. We should not just think about their suffering but we should actually practically help them by all possible means. It needs to be understood that just seeing the suffering make us sad and what would be the situation of th ose people who are actually facing all these difficulties in their life. I walked out of the residential camp as a different person and I knew it for a fact that this change in my personality was to stay with me forever. I went out and my father was very happy to see me. When he saw me, I think he also understood that he had achieved what he had wanted and he could see the change in me. I went and saw all the aid activities that were

An introduction to business and management Assignment

An introduction to business and management - Assignment Example is responsible for how tasks are done in the organization as it facilitates and puts into action all the directives that have come from the management of the organization (Functions of Human Resource Department, n.d). This implies that realization of organizational objectives and goals, which determines the performance of the organization, is in the responsibility of the HR department. To fulfill these goals, the HR department has various functions that are delegated to it. First, it has the responsibility of hiring new talent to fill specific spots in the organization. This is one of the most important roles of the HR department because it helps an organization in acquiring a set of skills that it requires. This comes with other objectives that include retention, which is determined by how the HR department treats the employees. The right set of skills is responsible for raising an organization’s profile and even in acquiring a competitive strategy. Second, the HR department trains and develops the employees. Following recruitment, this department trains the employees to acquire skills for performing in various segments of the organization. Third, HR department also plays the role of compensating the employees according to performance. Rewarding systems are developed according to organizations where some allow employees to suggest the rewards they would li ke while others are dictated. This department also has other roles such as determining salaries, dismissal, and safety of employees (Mayhew & Demand Media, 2015). Being a multinational business, Tesco should use online and social media recruitment as its key external recruitment method and emails as internal recruitment methods. External recruitment methods such as online recruitment have a key advantage of providing a wide pool of qualified individuals to choose from. In addition, this gives the organization a new set of skills and it is affordable because social media is free for most entities (Kleynhans,

Computer security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer security - Essay Example It also provides recommendations for them. Threats to the system include the absence of multilayered protection. The ease with which the junior officer accessed the DRS is suggestive of implies threats too. The backup copies were not functional and the ease of access meant that the information is at a greater risk. There were also a number of security principles that were broken. These include the need for professionals to have knowledge about their profession, lack of responsibility by the duty manager etc. The recommendations encompass the development of multifactor authentication, a risk management system, introducing firewalls etc. Introduction One of the oldest definitions for security is that it is the process whereby steps are taken to minimize vulnerabilities of assets and resources. Security encompasses the elements of keeping information confidential and of upholding the integrity and availability of resources; these three elements are often used to describe computer securi ty goals (Stallings 2009). It is often associated with the three As: authentication, authorization and accountability. Security does not entail the elimination of every threat or vulnerability to the system; rather security implies that there is no such thing has 100% security, although one can get close to it. ... On the other hand, security will be high if the data is secured tightly, causing obstacles in accessibility (Cross & Shinder 2008). Computer security is also regarded as a compromise; it is seen that the greater the security, the difficult it is for users to work with the system (Salomon 2006). The case study provides an example of how security lapses can occur and expose the system’s vulnerabilities. This paper looks into the threats and vulnerabilities that the event exposed and examines the security principles that were broken. It also provides recommendations for buttressing the security of the computer systems based on the identified threats and vulnerabilities. Identifying Threats and Vulnerabilities Threat to a computing device is referred to as any potential happening, either unintentional or malicious, that may cause undesirable effects on the asset (Newman 2009). One of the main security issues that the event brought into limelight was the ease with which a junior em ployee was able to change the keys for the encryption on the database. There was no layered security protocol and a simple password provided the user access to valuable information. Moreover when the junior officer had logged into the system using the password of the duty manager, a message came up asking the officer to change the crypto keys on the DRS. Giving away the password to a junior officer and allowing him access to company files and other information which constitute a large value of the company gives rise to threats to the security of the computer. The junior officer did not know much about the application that launched to change the keys. The application could have been a malicious software too and could

The Simultaneous Repression of CCR and CAD, TWO Enzymes of the Lignin Essay

The Simultaneous Repression of CCR and CAD, TWO Enzymes of the Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway, Results in Sterility and Dwarfism i - Essay Example Later on, understanding pathways may be used in the laboratory synthesis of these compounds. Moreover, the induction, as well as repression, of their production in plants through anthropogenic intervention to promote optimal plant growth and/or fruit bearing may be conducted. This is important as many secondary metabolites are already used by humans. In the case of lignins, genes CCR and CAD have been identified as the encoders for the last and specific steps for monolignol biosynthesis, the first part of lignin pathway. Because of the complex nature of biochemical production, regulation of a certain pathway may affect other pathways as well. Such effects may be great enough to cause changes in phenotype. In the case of monolignol biosynthesis in tobacco, the silencing of both CCR and CAD genes resulted not only to a reduction of lignin production but to a decrease in plant size as well. The recent study by Thevenin et al. (2011) looked into the effects of silencing monolignol-specif ic CAD and CCR genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. The plant contains two CCR genes, but only one, CCR 1, is specific for lignification. The mutant lines for this gene, irx4, ccr1s and ccr1g, are dwarves, have a reduced amount of lignin (25-35%), and have a modified set of phenolic metabolites. On the other hand, A. thaliana contains nine CAD genes, two of which, CAD C and CAD D, are involved in lignin biosynthesis. CAD C and CAD D double mutants, unlike CCR 1 mutants, has a normal size and 40% amount of lignin. The effects on leaf and flower morphology, lignin structure and content, amount of sugar, and other metabolites were observed. RESULTS Identification and Phenotyping of the ccc Triple Mutant After crossing ccr 1 g mutant with cad c and cad d double mutant, and producing ccc mutant, the absence of CCR 1, CAD C, and CAD D expression in ccc mutants was verified using RT-PCR. 1. Leaf Morphology The growth of wild type, ccc, cad c, cad d, and ccr 1 g from plantlets to senescence were observed at greenhouse conditions. At 30 days, the absence of CCR 1 caused the leaves to change its morphology from rosette to pointed and rolled. The decrease in leaf size was also noted most noticeably among ccc plantlets (5-fold shorter), and less prominently in ccr 1 g (3-fold shorter. On the other hand, the absence of both cad c and cad d expression did not cause any decrease in leaf size. 2. Flower Morphology More changes were observed in the flowers. Similar to leaves, the mature floral stem is smaller in ccc than in ccr 1 g mutants. However, when compared to the wild type, the triple mutant senesced later, despite its first inflorescence being prematurely shriveled. In addition, male flowers are sterile. Despite possessing normal pollens, the anthers were unable to release them. As a result, more than 50% of ccc mutants were not able to undergo seed germination. The ccc triple mutant possesses non-dehiscent anthers Initial flower development and stamen filament elongation we re similar in ccc and wild-type A. thaliana. However, ccc anthers, despite containing pollens whose sizes germinating capability (through Alexander and aniline blue staining) were similar to that of wild-type, did not dehisce as what normally happens. Probably, the absence of lignified secondary thickening observed among ccc plants may have caused the non-dehiscent of anthers. The ccr 1 g plants, on the other hand, have few

The leaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The leaders - Essay Example of how you relate to others at work and at home† (Whitmore, 2009, p 2). In the day today life of the present world many leaders are seen in business, politics, religion, and the like. A leader should have some basic qualities to become a good leader. A leader is the person who leads by example through his charismatic personality and as such he differs considerably from a boss. The boss always orders and others are compelled to obey him or her. In the case of a leader he or she never orders but leads others and knows well the power of group dynamism. A leader should â€Å"Canvass team members’ views about the desirability of arranging structured social time together† and he should â€Å"put support in place to deal, in confidence of requested, with individual troubles or concerns as they arise† (Whitmore, 2009, p.146). To speak frankly, a leader has great works to carry out. It is very difficult to be a good leader. In the industrial world to manage a group of persons with different emotional level is difficult but a skilled leader can manage them well. In this regard it can be said that a leader should have the enough emotional stability. The E.Q. and I.Q. of a leader should be high to manage others. Such leaders are fully accepted by the fellow mates whereas despotic rulers are not considered as leaders because they never lead the people but issue orders only. A leader never brings blame culture to the office and would always emphasis on joined and shared responsibility. An effective team leader is the one who inspires, motivates and protects all in the group and helps them out in times of problems. The nature of finding fault with others and accusing them for the mistakes will not make a good leader in a person. One of my friends who were employed in Smith and co once told me that his boss was always finding fault with others and this used to provoke all in the group. As this was the nature of his boss the performance of the group w as not up to the mark. The personnel manager of the company later came to know about the matter and finally the team leader was changed. Then the result of the team turned to be successful. Once the ineffective leader was changed and replaced by an effective leader, the group produced desired results. The company could gain much profit by this action. A good leader always likes to learn new skills together with his group. He or she provides the rules acceptable for the group in which he or she works. This will help the group to contribute as much as they can. A good leader is the man filled with the elements of confidence. Moreover, he has amble belief in himself. Only a person who has confidence in oneself will have confidence in others. The famous leader M.K. Gandhi, hailed as the father of India, was such a person. He lead from the front and he himself stood in the front for attaining freedom for the country. He was confident in his actions and on his followers too. So even today in across the world he is considered as a great leader. A leader is a person who has the capacity to dream to achieve his

Working with the Excellence Model - Critical Analysis Essay

Working with the Excellence Model - Critical Analysis - Essay Example Business excellence model was devised by the European Foundation for Quality Management in 1991; originally it is based on the Total Quality Management that is needed for the holistic development and the growth of the organization. This model is divided into two aspects – results which are sign of business success and enablers, which are indicators of practices inside the organization that can ultimately lead to business success. Business excellence is the meticulous tool to treat with quality management and business management. The objective of this business management is to improve performance that built on the rectitude of customer‘s focus, stakeholders value and process management. This paper is attempted to critically analyze the Business Excellence Model in relation with Cornwell Headland Hotel organization. The European Foundation of Quality Management (EFOM) described Business Excellence as formidable practices in governing the organization and attaining results, all these practices merely depend on a set of eight rudimentary concepts (Juran, 1972). These notions are: orientation of results; customer’s focus; leadership; management; people involvement and their development; constant learning; innovation and improvement; partnership development and public responsibility. This model requires excellence framework to redesign business plans and process control in organization (porter, 2012). From last few years, organization went through a great competition with other organizations on international level, which ultimately increases the demand of customer’s in market (Taguchi, 1986). On the repercussion of customer’s demand, most of the organizations acquired Excellence model. These model mainly consist of total Quality Management (TQM), Business Process Engineering (BPE), Business Excellence (BE), Performance Excellence (PE), lean thinking (Porter and Turner 2012). Headland hotel start their improvement journey for getting the benefits by using Excellence Model and modify their management according to this model by using its different approaches. Headland hotel organization gets a clear idea about their flaws in management and they seem to be very interesting or satisfied when they called for the Tourism Skills Network six month program. According to the Glimour (1995) the excellence framework is the actual plan of the organization that marks the organization towards the success. Self-assessment is the key practice of the excellence framework. Self-assessment allows the headland hotel to check their position in the market in excellence. Ishikawak (1990) also explain this way of organization to judge their capabilities and their outcomes with the present strategy and can make new ones for improvement to increase their profit. According to Porter and Turner (2012) the self-assessment can be done by using different approaches. They can start their assessment by choosing the framework that is according to the business plans but before this they should form assessment team that consists of all hard working employees. The next step is to collect the information from the external partners, assess the facts and do scoring of all collected data in database. According to Hoyle (2009) the clarification and verification of data should be done by organization collected from external partners. Then through questionnaire get the feedback of customers and plans the action according to their feedback. Self –assessment not only give headland hotel a continuous improvement by forgetting everything other than business but it also gives a base-line measure of the organization for their utilization and encouraged senior management involve in business excellence (Kadolf, 2007). It also gives motivation too. Self-assessment

Police administration 2 questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Police administration 2 questions - Coursework Example This essay compares the duties of a police chief with the duties of patrol sergeant, mayor, judge, prison warden, high school principal, and university president in terms of sources of influence. A police chief is expected to be a manger besides other policing qualifications and requirements. Firstly, he is expected to oversee a police department through the perspective of a manger. Under this mandate, a police chief is to oversee totality of operations by ensuring that other officers complete their duties effectively and timely. Moreover, he is expected to manage the affairs of a police department by ensuring availability of resources for relevant duties. As the chief of police, he is expected to undertake certain disciplinary actions on officers who do not comply with rules and regulations of a police department (Siegel, 2011). Sometimes he required to arbitrate dismissal and sanction on officers. These duties are similar to those of a high school principal, prison warden, and mayo r. This is because they are too required to make critical decisions on their respective institutions. Furthermore, the officers/leaders listed above are in charge of discipline in their respective institutions. For instance, a high school principal has the power to punish or reward a student according to their deeds. Consequently, a mayor has disciplinary obligations besides their management duties. Similarly, leaders in the private sectors such as company president, or senior-level manager have managerial as well as disciplinary obligations. The police chief is also required to mediate a police department with the public and other sectors of the society. Under this mandate, he is expected to attend community events and meetings on behalf of the department. In addition the police chief is expected to represent a police department in the, municipality’s board of directors. In such events, the chief is supposed to represent the public and duty officers on issues related to oper ations and security. Similarly, a high school principal acts as a representative of his school in social, legal and government related meetings. A university president also represents the students in high-ranking events and meeting. A prison warden represents the interests of prisoners and the prison in relevant board meetings so does company president and senior-level manager (Shaw, 2004). On the contrary, a judge does not represent the court or defendant in any forum. Leaders discussed above derive their influence from different sources. Indeed, a police chief draws his influence from legal obligations bestowed on him by the state. Consequently, the officer is in charge of other officers who always look upon him for counsel. Similarly, a school principal, senior level manger, university president, and company presidents are driven by the need to achieve success. On the other hand, a patrol sergeant, a mayor, and a judge are influenced by the need for outside and order within a soc iety. Question 2 Police officers are often accused of working off "quotas" for traffic citations and arrests. This is because policing cannot be compared to other trades or activities that rely on competition. Policing is a noble task and therefore officers are expected to observe their pledges of service to the public. Under this mandate, an officer cannot create a crime in order to make an arrest. However, not all police officers are true to their calling and this

Economic Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic Depression - Essay Example Economists and policymakers are concerned with these fluctuations and their effects to the economy. A typical business cycle goes through the stages of peak, recession, trough and recovery. Each stage of the business cycle shows the effects of fluctuations in the level of output and employment in the economy. During peak stage, the economy is near or at full capacity, as reflected by high level of output, rising prices and full employment. This is usually followed by a recession which if severe and prolonged causes economic depression. Recessions are as irregular as they are common (Mankiw 1997). At this stage, there is a decline in the total output, income, employment and trade. This results from the contraction of the business activities of the sectors in the economy. Because of these downfall, the general price level is also likely to fall and if the economy cannot recover from this period, economic depression will occur. Economists continue to debate about the causes of economic depression. They argued that it is due to decline in spending on goods and services because of the decline income. Their view uses the spending hypothesis as their explanation. This hypothesis blames the uncertainty about future growth that makes consumers consume less and save more of their incomes. This is what exactly the problem of China now.

Thinking about your future self Essay Example for Free

Thinking about your future self Essay When I am 72 years old, I will have a large family with grandchildren and grand-grandchildren. I will be the happiest person in the world, who has overcome seven decades of fruitful life, has valued the essence of the life; to love and be loved, and has learned how to love and be loved. I see myself as a tender and loving grandmother, full of optimism and respect towards innovation and progress. I will cherish warm relations with all of my family members, old friends and other relatives. I do not imagine my life without close people, especially at the end of the life, human relations become more specific and as all elder people, I too, will greatly depend upon positive relations. Maintenance of friendly and loving atmosphere around me will be my main goal. I would dream to be in good health and good shape but for 72 years old person being able to take care of myself, to be able to move, to see and hear, do not have chronic serious illnesses is a positive perspective. From now on I foresee that I might have problems with my backbone and probably have blood pressure problems. Problems of mobility are also threatening me and many of the population, due to ignorance of healthy lifestyle and less time spent on walking and being in the nature. It’s difficult to look ahead and see what goals I will have in my elder years, practically the last years of my life. They will be short termed and rather practical; to try to be in good health, make my days differ and spend those years surrounded by family members. The last dream seems so unreal, due to the life conditions and intentions of the younger generation to live separately. In many cases the education and career development of the younger members force tem to leave home. One more point, I will probably not be adaptable to new places to live and will keep the house I am used to live in. I tried to analyze if I will be self centered or an open and devoted person. Today I am in the middle, and I hope to keep the same line also during the years that seem so distant. In order to be able to love and be loved, one should keep the middle line and not forget the outer world or oneself. I will be surely concerned about the well being of my relatives and friends, as much as I will be concerned about myself and try to get the same attitude towards me. I will be very upset if I am forgotten, or my birthday is not remembered, my heritage and life experience is not appreciated etc. Anyway, the goals of my last years will be like a prologue; appreciation of my past. When I thought about the age 72, it seemed to me that I will be full of wisdom, will know EVERYTHING about life. It is an expectation young people cherish in their hearts, that one day they will get all the answers. It is something impossible; people leaving the world leave much more puzzled than they were before. I have always read the question â€Å"Why?† in the eyes of the dying people. I am not someone special and will probably think about the life and human relations, about God, birth and death, life full of sufferings and efforts, full of endless work, failures and successes. I have the feeling that I will be sitting on a high hill and look down at the world. I will probably be extremely puzzled about what I see Daily activities will surely save me from thinking about global issues that have not so far found their answers. I will read a lot; will watch TV, mainly news and new films, will listen to music, the old and my loved ones. Internet will have its place in my life. I will try to walk a lot and attend clubs of my interest. If my health and finances allow me, I will travel a lot. I will try to make the last stage of my life into an endless vacation. Active lifestyle is my passion. If I am healthy, I will be in motion every minute. Again and again, my family members will take the most special part of my life. I really dream to be able to spend time with my grandchildren, to play with them, talk to them, take care of them and serve their loved dishes on their birthdays. I will try to create commemoration days, family days which will gather the large family all together. Unity can save from an endless number of troubles. The main goal of the elderly, in reality, should be the cultivation and maintenance of unity among the family members. I will try to reach this goal and be the tying force for my family.

The Competitive Strategy Of British Airways Economics Essay

The Competitive Strategy Of British Airways Economics Essay Any business has challenges from different elements like globalisation, information and technology, socio and cultural factors, political factors and so on. To meet these challenges a clear strategy is very crucial for any organization. A strategy is a clear vision of what the organisation will be based on a sustainable competitive advantage. Actually, strategy is a road map for future directions and scope. It is a long range plan for five years and more. It develops mission, objective and goals for an organisation. To develop an effective strategy any organisation must set an account with different factors. Environmental analysis, present analysis, strength, weakness, opportunities and so on are the factor through which a strategy can be developed. Are looking to buy products or services, they are looking for a wide range of products and services. They also want easy accessibility and hope to buy good quality products and services at a competitive price. They are really important as they provide money for the business in order to be successful. Suppliers stock the business with the supplies the business needs, if they are late then it will cause a conflict between business and suppliers. Therefor it is vital that all the business suppliers are on time. Suppliers are probably the third important part in a business, they provide the products/services and if they are not in time it poses to be a threat to the financial state of the business. On the other hand, suppliers arent that important in decision making because they are scared of losing their contract with British Airways. An economic system is loosely defined as a countries plan for its services, goods, and the exact way in which its economic plan is carried out. Basically there are three major/different types of economic systems prevailing around the world and they are: Market Economy: In a market economy, national and state governments play a minor role. Instead consumers and their buying decisions drive the economy. In this type of economic system, the assumptions of the market play a major role in deciding the right path for a countrys economic development. Market economies aim to reduce or eliminate entirely subsidies for a particular industry, the pre-determination of prices for different commodities, and the amount of regulation controlling different industrial sectors. The absence of central planning is one of the major features of this economic system. Market decisions are mainly dominated by supply and demand, the role of the government in a market economy is to simply make sure that the market is stable enough to carry out its economic activities properly. Planned Economy: A planned economy is also known as a command economy. The most important aspect of this type of economy is that all major decisions related to the production, distribution, commodity and service prices, are all made by the government. The planned economy is government directed, and market forces have very little say in such an economy. This type of economy lacks the kind of flexibility that is present a market economy, and because of this, the planned economy reacts slower to changes in consumer needs and fluctuating patterns of supply and demand. On the other hand, a planned economy aims at using all available resources for developing production instead of allocating the resources either for advertising or marketing. Mixed Economy: A mixed economy combines elements of both the planned and the market economies in one cohesive system. This means that certain features from both market and planned economic systems are taken to form this type of economy. This system prevails in many countries where neither the government nor the business entities control the economic activities of that country both sectors play an important role in the economic decision making of the country. In a mixed economy there is flexibility in some areas and government control in others. Mixed economies include both capitalist and social economic policies and often arise in societies that seek to balance a wide range of political and economic views. http://www.economywatch.com/world_economic-indicators/type British Airways operates in the Mixed economic system as British Airways was privatised on February 1987 and the government has less intervention as its a private company the only intervention that the government would have is only setting the prices of the air tickets. What is Social Welfare: Social welfare is about how people, communicate and institutions in a society take action to provide certain minimum standards and certain opportunities. It is generally about helping people facing contingencies. Social welfare which British Airways does for its employees. Social Welfare Policy: Is basically to improve and protect the standard of living of the people or citizens as a whole. In the United Kingdom the Name Social Policy is used to apply to the policies that the government uses for welfare and social protection and the ways in which welfare is basically developed in a society. There are various social welfare policies that the United Kingdoms adopts and they are: Social welfare policy that British Airways has adopted/follows: Health and social protection Employment Law Work place regulation Social fund Social security The impact that social welfare initiates on British Airways as well as the wider community is firstly that British Airways adopting the work place regulation is that it benefits the employees of British Airways and that the employees can work without any head aces as British Airways has provided all it employees with training in safety measures, plus rest time is given to the employees and to the crew members of British Airways accommodation is given because the crew is normally flying for endless hours/long journeys. The workers are also made alert about the basic terms and conditions of the organisation which are basically ethics, code of conduct, and the responsibility of the organisation. The other social welfare policy which British Airways provides its employees is social security for its employees similar to contribution benefits (Retirement pension, maternity allowances) and also non contributor benefits (social fund, working tax benefits) to its employees, which gives the employees the freedom to do whatever in their personal life. The Employment Law in British Airways states and illustrates the normal working hours, conditions, and the acts of the organisation. What is Industrial Policy: Industrial policy comprises all government interventions which consist of: Directed towards the supply side of the economy that consists of enterprises, industries, sectors). Aims to influence the industrial structure of the economy and its industrial changes. Industrial policy purposefully affects incentives to produce specific goods or incentives to enter or exit a specific goods market. It is not limited to manufacturing and includes all types of commercial economic activities. Industrial policy interventions have to be justified because if competitive markets worked adequately, any such intervention would: Distort optimal allocation, Distort dynamic competition and its benefits (innovation, flexibility, consumers sovereignty etc.). Privilege specific enterprises or industries or sectors at the expenses of others, Would disadvantage taxpayers and consumers. (An European industrial policy: concepts and consequences, Oliver Budzinski). Industrial policy is concerned; it is the government sponsored economic program in which the public and private sector coordinate their efforts to develop new technologies and industries. Government provides the financial support and capital to the private sector by direct subsidies, tax credits or government- run developmental banks. Industries policy emphasise cooperation between government, banks, private enterprise, and employees to strengthen the national economy. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com Impact of Industrial policy on British Airways: In the United Kingdoms the Industrial policy has affected a lot of industries but the Industry that suffered the most was the aviation industry including all the airlines even British Airways. Therefore British Airways has changed its strategy of working and has been successful as British Airways adopted new policies. One of the policy that states to reduce Co2 emissions by 15% by all airlines and British Airways has decided to reduce by 50% as they are working on creating a new kind of fuel which is known as bio diesel which is pollution free and environment friendly. Fiscal Policy: Government spending policies that influences macroeconomic conditions. These policies affect tax rates, interest rates and government spending in an effort to control the economy. Monetary Policy: The action of a central, bank currency or other regulatory committee that determine the size and rate of growth of the money supply, which in turn affects interest rates. Monetary policy is maintained through actions such as increasing the interest rate, or changing the amount of money banks need to keep in the vault or bank reserves. Impact of fiscal and monetary policy on airline industry as well as British Airways: The principles of economics tell us that governments can sometimes improve market outcomes. Methods of influencing market outcomes can come in the form of monetary and fiscal policies. Monetary policies influence shifts in aggregate demand for goods and services by increasing the money supply, reducing the equilibrium interest rates and stimulating investment spending or decreasing the money supply, raising equilibrium interest rates, lowering investment spending (Mankiw, 2004). Fiscal policies shift the aggregate demand curve by increasing or decreasing government spending or through the increase or decrease in taxes (Mankiw). Because these policies influence aggregate demand, the government uses such policies to try and bring stabilization to the economy. Such polices affect different industries on many different levels. Some industries have positive effects and some negative. In analysing how monetary and fiscal policies affect the airline industry, we can look at how these policies affect employment, growth of the industry, and product prices. Many fiscal policies directed toward the airline industry have had profound effects. One such policy is represented by the excise taxes and fees levied on air carriers. Such taxes and fees are allocated by the Government to fund improvements of airports, provide security for the airlines and airports, allocate funding for the FAA, provide for services for international customers, and support operations at airpark facilities. These fees represent roughly 26% or $52 of a standard 200-dollar round-trip airline ticket (Air Transport Association, 2005). Current economic conditions of the airline industry are dismal, especially due to the tragic events of September 11th. The Air Transport Association (ATA) argues that such fiscal policy in these trying times hinder the air carriers ability to right themselves through a self-help policy. The ATA further explains that in an effort to stabilize the industry, such taxes and fees can account for the elimination of over 129,000 jobs, forced many carriers into bankruptcy, and, because consumers react heavily to price increases in this industry, hinder their ability to allocate funds by raising ticket prices. With this current fiscal policy, air carrier s have little manoeuvrability of funds to meet the demands of an operating budget. Mike Smith (personal communication, June 10, 2008), former owner of Pacific Crest Aviation in Big Bear Lake, CA, adds that governing agencies institute other fees to generate operating revenues for airports. On example of this is landing fees. Landing fees vary from airport to airport, but play a key role in the determination of where air carriers decide to base their operations. In attempts to accumulate more funding through fiscal policy, Mr. Smith explains that the FAA continues to suggest the implementation of user fees. Still to be determined how such a fee would impact the airline industry; present fiscal policies have air carriers screaming for reform. Deregulation is another fiscal policy that has considerably impacted areas of the airline industry. Since deregulation in 1979, the airline industry experienced substantial growth. With the emergence of new competition in the industry this created numerous amounts of jobs, drove ticket prices down, and expanded the available market for various air carriers. Through an industrial wide growth of over 200%, new carriers were able to open positions to thousands of new employees in various parts of the nation. Average ticket prices in 1979 remain relatively unchanged today. As an extremely competitive market emerged, the rally for passengers on each carriers flights kept ticket prices down as carrier created connecting flights through this new open sky policy; reaching more consumers, minimizing opportunity cost, and offering competitive pricing. The Airline industry continues to be affected by the overall condition of the nations economy. When healthy spending exists and pleasure travel is frequent, air carriers are able to fill flights, raise prices, and maintain a stable economic environment. However, when condition of the nations economy falls, so do the buying habits of the consumer. This is where the airline industry finds itself today. Struggling to fill flights in a slow economy and fighting heavy fiscal policy. Recent monetary policies made by the federal government to improve market conditions are sure to have an effect, but how it will impact employment, growth, and prices in the airline industry are still unknown. The most Recent monetary policy made by the government came in the form of economic stimulus checks. This in-flow of money into the economy in an attempt to stimulate the purchase of goods and services throughout the United States may help diminish the effects of our current sluggish economy. Little to no data exists to show how this has impacted any growth in the airline industry. So far, there seems to be little change in the spending habits of the consumer to travel via air. Because the economic position of the airline industry has been struggling for so long, improvements due to any single event may be impossible to track. Whether changes in fiscal policies, monetary policies, or internal carrier structure help to improve conditions in the airline industry, changes will happen slow and will reflect economic condition in the nations marketplace. By successfully managing opportunity cost, and adapting to an ever changing economic environment, airline industries can have economic success. However, the well-being of the nations economy will have a direct impact on the level of success experienced in the airline industry. During economic shortfalls in the nations economy, travellers will have fewer resources available to travel for pleasure. Contributing to the negative economic influences in the airline industry, future and existing policies targeting the airline industry will continue to hinder the industrys ability to recover losses in periods of economic hardships. http://www.taxreformpanel.gov Makiw, N.G. (2004) Principles of economics (3rd edition). Chicago, 2: Thomson South-Western. PESTLE Analyses on British Airways: PESTLE Factors Key Points Implications for British Airways Political Heavy regulation (AEA, 2009). Increased security due to past terrorist threats (DFT, 2008) Compliance is essential if British Airways wants to continue. Sufficient security measures should be in place to ensure consumer confidence and competitive advantage in maintenance. Economic Global economic crisis: world growth is projected to just over 2 per cent in 2009 (IMF, 2008). Pound weakness especially against the Euro. Oil prices declined by 50% since their peak retreating to 2007 levels. Decline in fuel prises the dollar strengthens (IMF, 2008). UK Consumer spending saw its sharpest decline for 13 years between July and September 2008 (Channel 4, 2008) Possible reduction in the amount of business travel as companies are cutting costs and using alternative means of communication such as telecom fencing. British Airways is vulnerable as a United Kingdom operating airline to a poor exchange rate. Fluctuation in oil prices and exchange rates will directly affect British Airways cost base. More intense competition. Social The United Kingdom has an aging population. Increasing Unemployment Potential opportunities for growth as older generations have more time to spend on leisure activities such as international travel. Increased bargaining power as an employee. Technological A recent survey revealed that 34% of online consumers plan to use price- comparison sites more in 2009 (NMA, 2009) Online booking services and check-in is becoming increasingly used by the airline industry. Increased consumer awareness and therefore bargaining power. British Airways must ensure that they remain up to date with these technological advances whilst avoiding becoming overly reliant, as this may isolate certain consumer markets (i.e. the elderly) who dont feel comfortable using such technology. Environmental/Ethical Noise pollution controls and energy consumption controls. Cancellations of flights and loss of baggage. New legislation (e.g. climate change bill) enforcing tighter environmental regulation may increase operational costs each year. Such ethical issues could have a detrimental effect on reputation if left unresolved. Legal Collusion and price fixing. Recognition of trade union and industrial action e.g. cabin crew strikes. Open skies agreement. Restriction on mergers will have an impact on British Airways proposed alliance with American Airlines. Good employee relations are essential if British Airways wants to avoid industrial action and interrupted operations. Opportunity for British Airways and its competitors to freely transport aircrafts between the European Union and the United States. Part 3 Investigate the behaviour of organizations and the market environment. What is Oligopoly: Oligopoly is a market which is normally dominated by a few numbers of large suppliers. The degree of market concentration is very high. Firms within an oligopoly produce branded products and also sometimes there is a barrier to new entries. Advantages as general: Firms or companies are able to reap economies of scale, due to large scale competition. Products cannot produce by individual firms on a small scale. There is an incentive to engage in research and development. They have the ability to earn super normal profits and capture large market share. Firms enjoy lower costs due to technological improvement. This results in higher profits which will improve the firms or companies capacity to withstand price war. http://www.blurtit.com/q2774865.html Disadvantages as general: Firms and companies are concerned with the activities of their competitors. If one firm or company reduces its prices the other companies would have to. How oligopoly has impacted the airline market and British Airways: In the late 1990s the European airline market was liberalised, lowering the barriers to entry. Traditional firms then faced competition as firms could enter the market more easily. New entrants used leased aircrafts to keep costs low. Firms have merged (such as Liberia Airways and British Airways did in 2000) to improve the firms horizontal integration. What is monopoly: A situation in which a single company owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service. This would happen in the case that there is a barrier to entry into the industry that allows the single company to operate without competition. In such an industry structure, the producer will often produce a volume that is less than the amount which would maximize social welfare. www.investwords.com/3112/monopoly.html . Advantages of monopoly as general: There is no risk of excess production. There is sufficient capital for research. Price of goods are reduced. The market can be controlled. Disadvantages of monopoly as general: The consumers are exploited. There is hardly and consumer choice. The price is high on products. As there is no competition it leads to inefficiency. The labour is exploited as the price charged is higher than the marginal cost. How monopoly has impacted the airline market and British Airways: There is no competition which would make the airlines inefficient. As there is no choice the consumer would have to take that one airline only. As the ticket prices could be high the consumers would prefer to take a train to their destination if the consumers destination is in Europe and this would cause a loss for the company. What is perfect competition: An ideal market structure characterized by a large number of small firms, identical products sold by all firms, freedom of entry into and exit out of the industry, and perfect knowledge of prices and technology. This is one of four basic, market structures. The other three are monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. Perfect competition is an idealized market structure that is not observed in the real world. While unrealistic, it does provide an excellent benchmark that can be used to analyse real world market structure. In particular, perfect competition efficiently allocates resources. http://www.amosweb.com. Advantages of perfect competition as general: Optimal allocation of resources. Competition encourages efficiency. Consumers charged a lower price. Responsive to consumer wishes, change in demand, leads extra supply. Disadvantages of perfect competition as general: Insufficient profits for investment. Lack of product variety. Lack of competition over product design and specification. Unequal distribution of goods and income. Externalities .e.g. pollution. How perfect competition impacts airlines market and British Airways: As in the Airlines Industry there are many airlines and there is competition there can be either positive effects as well as negatives effects the positive effects of perfect competition is that the resources of the airlines is allocated to the point as there is competition the other airlines as well as British Airways is encouraged to work harder to beat the competition and there for the airlines charge its customers with a lower cost to gather more of the customers. The negative effects of perfect competition is that sometimes the return on the investment can be poor there is noise pollution being created by the noise of the plane engines and can affect the society with air pollution as it can harm the society. Part 4 Explain the significance of international trade and the European dimension for UK businesses. What is trade: Trade is the transfer of ownership of goods or services from one person to another person. Trade is also known as commerce or financial transaction or barter like in the old days. Trade can only take place in a market. A market is a place where buying and selling takes place it could be either in a shop, house or even the internet. Advantages of trade: Can increase international ties. Leads to specialisation and therefore increases efficiency. Increases standards of living. Disadvantages of trade: As there is excess production it leads to pollution. Can lead to a possible economical imperialism. Can cause a balance of payment problem which can lead to international debt. Why is trade important: To trade is important for a country because through trade a country gets its resources which it cant provide for itself, or its cheaper for a country to import than to produce locally. A country trades its resources to other countries that cannot produce them this means that its a big cycle where everyone trades until all the countries have what they exactly need while making some money by selling what they dont need. The country basically does it for the development of the country so that its people can get their daily bread and butter, clothes and necessities which they need that their country does not have access to, and to even do business with other countries through trade. What is international trade: International trade is exchange of capital, goods, and services across overseas boarders or territories. It basically refers to exports of goods and services by firms to a overseas buyer also known as a importer. In most countries it represents a significant share of gross domestic product also known a (GDP). Advantages of international trade: Improve domestic competitiveness. Helps to gain global market share. Reduces the dependency on existing market. Increases chances to expand. Disadvantages of international trade: Can take a very long time to gain. Additional cost can be incurred. Payments come after long. Licenses are need and deal has to be done in regulations. Why is international trade important: International trade is important because it allows other countries to take advantage of something known as comparative advantage. Comparative advantage means that a country is able to produce something by giving less for something else they want. Therefore even if a country in not able to produce the best quality product of anything, comparatively the countries can produce without giving up something. When countries take advantage of comparative advantage, the total output in the world increases and therefore everyone benefits from extra output and therefore international trade helps establish a higher standard of living. What is economic integration: Economic integration is the elimination of tariff and nontariff barriers to the flow of goods and services and the factors of production between a group of nations or various different parts of the same nation.

Research For My Career Plan Accounting Essay

Research For My Career Plan Accounting Essay Introduction My career choice is public accountant. My choice is highly influenced by the passion I have for working with numbers. My second choice career is internal auditing .it is closely related to accountancy. Both the careers entail working with the numbers. Accountancy is a career which involves communicating, summarizing, classifying, interpreting and presenting financial position about an enterprise to the management, auditors, owners or the shareholders. Strong accounting foundation is important when it comes to running successful businesses. Every business needs a book keeper, accountant or a chief finance officer. Internal auditors can assist police in white collar crimes since they can comfortably do forensic accounting. They can work with lawyer as professional witnesses in fraud cases. Government accountants maintain tract of public funds by maintaining records. Public accountants work for public accounting companies. Their major tasks are to do the actual accounting, tax and consultancy work. Accountants use financial statements to show in monetary terms the resources under direct control of the organization. According to Drake, P et al (2011), accounting is a study of how organizations track their assets, capital, and liabilities over time. It involves computing cost and capital gains from the capital. An accountant participates in strategies for mergers and acquisitions. Many accountants ends up being the chief finance officers(CFOs).this is because they have the best understanding of what drives the business and profits in an organization. According to careers in accounting website (2009) bureau of statistics projects 16% increase in job positions by 2016.the future of accounting is bright. Internal auditors are also known as Auditors, Fraud Investigators, Inspectors, and Investigators among other names. They frequently measure the level of compliance of the company with its policies and objectives. They advise the management on how to better execute their policies. They tend to improve the reliability of financial reporting, preventing and investigating fraud and safeguard company assets. People planning to be accountants and auditors should have an aptitude for mathematics .they should have good communication skills since the career entails communicating results to clients, management, shareholders and governments among others. They should be excellent when it comes to working with people, business systems and computers. Accountants should have unquestionable level of integrity. Educational requirement and certifications Most job vacancies requires at least a bachelors degree in accounting or related field .if you want to practice accounting and auditing in government, the requirement is 4 years of college in accounting or auditing with some experience. Since 2007 42 states and Washington DC requires all the CPAs to have successfully completed 150 semester hours of college course work. Many colleges have harmonized their curriculum to be in line with the law. Some organizations require masters degree in accounting or business administration with accounts as your major. A certified public accountant (CPA) is a popular requirement for big corporations. CPAs exam is divided into four parts in all states .examination is prepared by AICPA(American institute of public accountants).majority of states require one pass all the four other parts within 1year six months. Other additional requirements may include certified internal auditor (CIA) exam and the certification in control self assessment (CSA).CPA holders are licensed by state board of accountancy. The internal auditors are licensed by Certified Internal Auditor (CIA). Accountants who have passed in their exams and have met requirements needed by the state where they practice can become certified public accountants. However for renewal of licenses, one is required to have completed certain number of hours of continuing professional .the umbrella professional bodies for accountants organizes seminars, courses and continuing education programs. Other certifications provide a CPA and internal auditors with an advantage. These certifications are found in many accredited colleges. They include; the Certified Management Accountant (CMA),), the Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE), Certified Government Financial Manager (CGFM), Accredited in Business Valuation (ABV), Certified Information Technology Professional (CITP), or Personal Financial Specialist (PFS) designations, Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA), Accredited Tax Preparer (ATP), Accredited Tax Advisor (ATA), Accredited Business Accountant (ABA). These programs are marketable. They put the accountants and auditors at the highest edge of landing a high paying job. Some of these programs depend on the field one want to specialize with. Most of these professional societies require applicants to have at least 2 years working experience, pass a for part examination, agree to meet continuing education requirements and comply with professional conduct. Graduate schools test permit students from different colleges and universities with different grading system to be compared. Applicants to graduate schools school finish GRE which tests verbal, quantitative and analytical abilities. GMAT test verbal, quantitative and analytical reasoning but it is designed to address the needs of business schools. Many institutions review accountants GMAT score for employment.GRE is accepted in many business programs in business schools. it is simple to prepare science it has easier grading curve and the applicant does not waste a lot of time in preparation.GRE is easier than GMAT. There are institutions such as Manhattan review in New York which assist students to revise for their GMAT and GRE examinations. They have state of art facilities. Ethical Conduct Just like doctors and other professionals, CPAs and internal auditors should adhere the code of conduct. They should maintain high level of integrity. They should represent the interest of their clients. They should obey the bylaws set by their professional bodies. Working Hours According to BLS government website (2010), public accountants work 40 to 50 hours a week. According to Telberg, R (2007), accountants spend more time at work related activities at the expense of their families. Some carry their work with them to vacations and home. Many accountants have reported to CPA review website (2012), that during the busy season, they can work up to 70 to 80 billable hours. Internal auditors have long working hours .their day typically starts from 8am to 5pm.they work up to Job Duties CPAs maintain and audit organizations financial books. They also have knowledge bin book keeping, taxes, government audit and financial planning. They oversee the budgets and financial management. They ensure that they financial records are accurate and up to date. They also keep track of investments, expenditures and revenue generated by an organization. They research and analyze companys financial reports. They also create financial plan for the company. They also suggest way companies could save the money. They file tax reports of a company. CPAs help organizations to develop a strategy to legally minimize the amount of tax they owe the government. Many CPAs tend to be self employed therefore they hire staffs and manage businesses. Freelance CPAs can assist potential business owners develop business plans and get funds to start the same. Internal auditors appraise the organizations internal control system to see whether they are in harmony with state laws, the organizations objective. They liaise with both the external auditors and the Comptroller and Auditor General. They Recommend and advise the company on value for money and efficiency improvements. Salary According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov (2012), Salary depends on a number of factors namely: the CPAs educational background, years of experience, and the company he is working for. CPAs take home $50,770 per year. CPAs with one to two years of experience may be remunerated lower amounts. And those working for large corporations like coca cola are paid higher salaries. Partners in public accounting firms can earn around $175,000 a year. CPAs enjoys an array of benefits, which includes all expenses paid for vacations, health and life insurance, and pension benefits. Internal auditors take an average of $81000 per year. Manager internal auditors earn up to $100000 per year. The level of salary depends with the level of experience and the company one is working for. Job Satisfaction and Lifestyle of CPA and Internal Auditor CPA and internal auditing are among of the careers which demand a lot of time. Some the accountants and internal auditors carry their work with them to home. During peak season they work long hours and sleep at least 4hours.they enjoy free vacations pension benefits. Their high income guarantees them a high living standard. Some accountants and auditors receive pay rise every year. Others enjoy up to 3 weeks vacations. It is one of the professions where there are no complains. The job opportunities are there. As a matter of fact it has been projected that the job opportunities for CPAs will rise by 22%.according to CNN money website (2012), it is number 9 in the 100 most lucrative jobs in business section in USA. They enjoy personal satisfaction from their careers .accounting profession make one to enjoy prestige and respect from the society since it is perceived to be hard than other professions. Conclusion Both careers are lucrative prefer my first career choice more. I am planning to do what it takes to realize my dream of pursuing accountancy.

Wicca the Complete Craft by D.J. Conway Essay -- Wicca the Complete Cr

Wicca the Complete Craft was written by D.J. Conway. This book was published by Crossing Press in 2001. It covers and goes through very thoroughly the many ceremonies, traditions, holidays, beliefs, and much more of the Wiccan religion. Wicca the Complete Craft was written with the intent to help someone go through the process of joining the Wiccan religion rather than a reference for someone to simply learn about the religion. Do not let me mislead you though, the book provides wonderful insight into the religion. It was just not written with that intent. It provides numerous list and step-by-step instructions but very little pictures and diagrams. The content of the book did not require a whole lot of diagrams or pictures, list and step-by-step instructions were adequate enough. I give Wicca the Complete Craft 4.7 stars on a 5.0 scale. The only thing that stopped me from giving Wicca the Complete Craft a solid 5.0 stars was that the author, D.J. Conway, came of as somewhat biased at times. It was very subtle, but he would slip in comments that the book could do without. You can tell he is very passionate and very serious about his religion, Wicca. I think that is fantastic but the comments that he slipped in every so often may turn people away or agitate them. I brushed them off and I am so glad I did because the Wiccan religion is fascinating and I learned so much from Wicca the Complete Craft. Wicca is an extremely old religion. Wiccan beliefs and views are so alien to the more modern religions like Christianity and Judaism. A major aspect of the Wiccan religion is covens. A coven is basically a group of 3 or more Witches (Witches are what people of the Wiccan religion call themselves) that gather together ... ... He touched base on everything you need to know to become a Witch. He even provided exercises to help you along with your journey to becoming a Witch. For the spell work aspect of the Wiccan religion he provided step-by-step instructions on several different spells. He thoroughly goes through all the processes to become a Witch. He made the reading easy to understand and if there is a word you do not recognize you can most likely find it in the multiple little dictionaries he has provided on words that have to do with the Wiccan religion throughout the book. When the need arises he provides pictures and charts. In the chapter on runes there is a particularly handy chart. There are a lot of lists in this book and they are a load of help. Overall Wicca The Complete Craft was an outstanding read. Works Cited Wicca the Complete Craft by D.J. Conway

Admissions Essay - Medical School and Shopping :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

Admissions Essay -  Medical School and Shopping    My mom and I are the type of women who refuse to spend too much money for quality clothing. We are admittedly shopaholics. Our escapades can last for days and my mother always outlasts me! Well, always does not last forever. One day, my mother and I were on one of our short safaris. She had been complaining of headaches but, ever the trooper, she insisted we go (1-Day Sale, of course!). When we reached our destination my mother was dizzy and her head was pounding. Worried, I ushered her into a local drug store, where we found one of those standing blood pressure machines. My mother gave me a weak smile as I turned to sit down and wait for the results. That's when I heard the crash. My mother and the machine were keeling over in a horrid cascade of mom, machine and medicine. I rushed to her aid and desperately tried to keep her from completely falling onto the ground. My mother passed out due to extremely high blood pressure and I could do nothing about it. Throughout my academic care er, I had been sure of what I wanted to do for the rest of my life-be a doctor. I was not emotionally committed to this endeavor until that eight grade year when my mother and I were helpless.    Ever since that day, I have been on a mission. Determined to learn more, I actively researched my family's medical history. Finding that both sides record hypertension and cardiovascular disease as problems, I decided to delve deeper. This time I found that African Americans as a group historically suffer from those same complications. The more I learned, the more I fell in love with the intricacies of the circular system. Things such as, the components of the blood and their different duties, the specialized characteristics of cardiac muscles and the blood's bicarbonate buffer system all fascinated me as I traveled through course work. Book knowledge turned to field knowledge as I decided to pursue other avenues of understanding. I worked with the Red Cross Blood Drive in high school; carrying blood, helping the nurses and learning more. I interviewed three doctors; a cardiologist, an internist and an obstetrician-gynecologist to find out more about the profession and what it takes to be an M.D. Although the internist tried to dissuade me from pursuing he practice, I gleaned the good and the bad from all three doctors and judged for myself the validity of what I wanted to do.