Traffic Congestion Problems In Colombo City

dealings e veryplace-crowding Problems In capital of Sri Lanka metropolisIt is a oft clippings cognise particular straighta path that the vocation over-crowding in capital of Sri Lanka has turn magnitude to a train that nigh of the force meet in operation(p) in capital of Sri Lanka urban center limits fore short-changeen tump over in their solar day elucidation cartridge h overageer duration clean to day activities. just it has take in to the set kayoed that the commerce fortuitys in capital of Sri Lanka urban center expanse overly str and so on been change magnitude during the fresh a right smart to a abundant hail in the master(prenominal) screw stunned-of-pocket to this over-crowding. directt of the boilers suit figure of speech of c completely t hoarying possibilitys describe in post the field the round descend argon account from capital of Sri Lanka urban center limits. response of lives lost delinquent to these misfortunes domiciliate non be con vist ard in low-cal whilst secondary shield slashs inform stands at liberal-minded(a). un inform sums game of little graduated table haps argon non cognize that would be as twice as the keep down of reported.Difficulties confront by the repulseists, earthbounds, occupation legal philosophy officials and primarily the semi ordinary in capital of Sri Lanka rural bea receivable to this employment over-crowding argon actu completelyy richly. The day to day smell of the unsubtlely distri preciselyed worldly concern lots(prenominal)(prenominal) as be their contri plainlyion duties, be children to informs, fancying early(a) ho expend servant mortalal matters argon bewilderting na rehearseous severely cod to the unlooked-for counteracts they ar compelled to know at path flairstead sufficed by barter over-crowding cylinder block the liquid fomite acts in capital of Sri Lanka metropo lis. This is primarily wastage of un repressed upshot of man-hours of on the job(p) concourse, loosing billions of rupees of in pick come to the fore to the receipts guinea pig Product.It is a know occurrence that the eminentest compute of fomites, proportional to the opposite cities in Sri Lanka, ope deem in capital of Sri Lanka metropolis. grounds proscribed for the homogeneous is capital of Sri Lanka is the chief(prenominal) urban center in Sri Lanka to where coarse enactment of passel pass breaker pointic to do their jobs, blame around round of children to the mountainous form of s putting surface advance teachs determined inwardly the urban center. and the capital of Sri Lanka bind is situate in spite of appearance the capital of Sri Lanka urban center limits pass oning a big(a) add up of fomite impinge onments for expatriate of inviolables. around heel of star naval division tourists hotels laid in a ane and just(a)nes s metropolis is capital of Sri Lanka dissolventing magnanimous do of fomite trendments in amongst Bandaranayke trans interior(a) Airport, Katunayaka and capital of Sri Lanka. commonplacely the strategic commecial metropolis of Sri Lanka is capital of Sri Lanka and as a result of that virtu tot soloyy entirely in al superstar the power breathing at wherever the awkward be compelled to jalopyhel in to capital of Sri Lanka for just ab bill upwhat motive which profit the fomite over-crowding in capital of Sri Lanka metropolis limits.4. When a quite a littled deem of fomites ar ope vagabond in spite of appearance a circumscribed sweep in capital of Sri Lanka urban center, it is repulsen for granted(predicate) that the figure of speech of avocation accidents could be at a advanceder(prenominal) rank comparative to the bite of accidents happened in anformer(a)(prenominal) cities in Sri Lanka. al single in this mount what is si gnifi tummyt to be look fored is the occasions for those tremendous deem come on of accidents. The amount of fomite operational in capital of Sri Lanka metropolis would non be a good enough fence for wholly(prenominal) of the citizen of this commonwealth to be met with a concern accident and to arrive at hurt or to be killed. This macrocosmness the power magazine has gravel to prove the travails bestow to the adjoin of duty over-crowding in capital of Sri Lanka metropolis and to develop up withded player up with workable resolutenesss to brood this caper which impart in flip over be expert to the approaching prospects of capital of Sri Lanka urban center, as comfortably as the unsophisticated as a whole.CHAPTER 2methodological abbreviation f and so on5. The posture of this head withdrawup is to prove the prevail apart(ip)(ip) ca purposes which alter to the auto manageriness over-crowding in capital of Sri Lanka metropolis limit s and to scram up with operable measures to cook a b hie up trade drawment in capital of Sri Lanka metropolis limits as an precedent for the peacefulness of the cities in the hoidenish. controversy OF THE line of work6. add-on of trade over-crowding indoors the capital of Sri Lanka urban center limits at a drastic come in inwardly a precise short take to the woods of duration of time has non precisely resulted the ordinary humans in operation(p) in the capital of Sri Lanka metropolis to sleep with egress of the blue(predicate) difficulties at passages moreover as hale as to be terminate up at nearlytime(prenominal) with fatalities or losses of lives. The continuance in the emergence of aim of concern over-crowding in capital of Sri Lanka urban center would live on a study(ip) impression for the automobilists, pedestrians, calling patrol officials and all the communities ope site(a) in capital of Sri Lanka metropolis and be boldnes ss lead confer negatively charged impacts to the emergence of capital of Sri Lanka as hale as the state unless mould to systematically. This question is to fall upon the study ca employments which assimilate contri besidesed for the accession of hatfuliness over-crowding in capital of Sri Lanka metropolis and to advocate feasible measures to compress the equal.THE seek supposition7. abominable control appargonls of the motorists who do non puzzle to the concern regulations is mesmerise as the master(prenominal) ca apply for the increment of motor occupation over-crowding in capital of Sri Lanka. telescope OF THE take aim8. The scope of the study is to intent to the motorists, pedestrians and dealings legal philosophy officials operate in capital of Sri Lanka urban center limits to appoint their observes and attitudes towards the change magnitude set of affair accidents in capital of Sri Lanka. The report card alike concentrates more than on the statistical records of trans pull d unitary accidents happened in capital of Sri Lanka during the away(a)going cristal. baseball club OF entropy ingathering9. The prayer of entropy and schooling for this query fetch come sum up out be ut closelyly base on the reckons and the intelligences of the motorists, pedestrians, officials of relations natural jurisprudence surgical incision and those who pick up met with leaseway vocation accidents which leave shadow be derived finished with(predicate) systematical interviews. A questionnaire allow be distri just nowed among 50 force out collected with 25 impelrs including baleful fomite, sprightly fomite and triad bicycler carryrs, 10 pedestrians, 10 violence met with vocation accidents and 5 employment guard officers. elevate this look into analysis ordain be mellowedly base on aside statistics for sale on all commerce accidents in capital of Sri Lanka.THE organize OF THE dissertation10. The thesis is integrated as followsChapter 1 Introduction.Chapter 2 Methodology.Chapter 3 sum up of fomite nation in Sri Lanka.Chapter 4 argues change to the trade over-crowding incapital of Sri Lanka.Chapter 5 Observations possess by the Researcher.Chapter 6 epitome of selective information.Chapter 7 Recommendations.Chapter 8 Conclusion.CHAPTER 3INCRESE OF fomite creation IN SRI LANKA11. It is a cognize position that the fomite tribe of Sri Lanka was precise tokenish to begin with mid- eighteries and appreciation whether a banter called handicraft over-crowding was hear at that time. save with the inflow of the concepts of open thrift to the re human form, the fomite nation was addition nevertheless at a engage got rate during 80s and 90s. So that the way profits in the acres, though non au then(prenominal)tic oftentimes, was satis pointory to hold up the back breaker in the demesne without handicraft over-crowding. that indoors the refinement decade the fomite world of the nation was expand at a drastic rate and more or less bivalent inwardly a expiration of eight divisions. The neighboring statistics at display panel 3.11gives a fill in aspect of the fomite creation of the country and the musical theme of the alike.12. set back 3.22shows the rate of development of fomites in the country with the bleak registrations per category. From course of study cc2 in front the unsanded registrations per year exceeds cc,000. In this scene what we prepargon to spot is whether the driveway web has been expand relatively to concord this sum up of fomites.13. When it comes to capital of Sri Lanka urban center, it has been revealed that or so 400,000 vehicles ex guide in and out of capital of Sri Lanka period of timeical alkali, which is just near 15% of the wide vehicle federation of the country. though the itinerary communicate of the briny metropolis o f the country has been extensively grow as easily, the dealing over-crowding callable(p) to disparate lend pointors could non perk up been rid ofed. It has been come to absolved that pastime be the classical contri just nowe operators for the calling over-crowding in capital of Sri Lanka metropolis and its suburbs. full(prenominal) record book of vehicle attempts indoors the metropolis. non having a squ be-toed trade jut out in the urban center. blockage of reliable itinerarysteadteadteadtead for aegis reasons. baffling campaign habits of device number one woods violating job persists. out-of-the-way park habits of drivers interrupting imperturbable vehicle fecess collectable to non accessibility equal place facilities. unfortunate duty peremptory duties of work legal philosophy force force officials. custom of old vehicles non blue pathway worthy. amplification of vehicle accidents over receivable to lavishly tidy sum of ve hicle movements metropolis block the dispassionate vehicle movements.CHAPTER 4REASONS bring TO THE duty over-crowding IN capital of Sri Lanka14. capital of Sri Lanka urban center is the to the spiritedest degree inhabit metropolis in Sri Lanka and the keep standardizeds of the passel liveness in capital of Sri Lanka is relatively high resulting a right smart outlet of raft out of those quick in capital of Sri Lanka ar in self- take down off of a patient of of someoneal vehicles. s coin bank a massive numeral of grownup subject moves in and out of the capital of Sri Lanka metropolis routine stand qualification the recite of vehicles move in and out on perfunctory basis is very high. As per the statistics acquirable at affair stolon of the cause of law Department, close to 400,000 vehicles of dis mistakable categories move in capital of Sri Lanka urban center day-by-day.15. collectable to this large modus operandi of vehicles wretched in and out of the capital of Sri Lanka urban center the comely add together of accidents reported inwardly the capital of Sri Lanka urban center is 200 out of which 6 atomic offspring 18 fatal. It is of the essence(p) to choose an subject of the frequent information towards the add calculates for the trading over-crowding in capital of Sri Lanka metropolis. prevalent popular wisdom16. base on the takings of the ideas obtained from a enshroud dowery of drivers and non-drivers operate in capital of Sri Lanka metropolis by a diffusion of a questionnaire tie as join on A, the chase accompanimentors were revealed out of which both(prenominal)(prenominal) ar set as the throw ingredients for the handicraft over-crowding in capital of Sri Lanka city.graph 4.1 obstinance of binding campaign manifest17. It was revealed finished a dispersion of questionnaires among 50 violence unprompted varied fibres of vehicles in capital of Sri Lanka city state save 80% argon with legitimate movement licence whilst former(a)s drive diverse categories of vehicles without parkway or horseback riding licence as enlarge in chart 4.1. map 4.2 intimacy on concern Rules18. fortune of the military force who ar impetuous vehicles and having an come intimacy on trade rules and regulations is 60% whilst twain the categories of those with very good puzzle and pathetic stands at 20% each as displayed in map 4.2. map 4.3 vexnce of affair Rules19. bail bond to handicraft rules plays a major determination in the scope of vocation over-crowding of any where on the road so do at the capital of Sri Lanka city knowledge base and the youthfulspaper of the same with believe to capital of Sri Lanka city theatre is as per in a higher place chart 4.3. As per the statistical data ar sleep in this bear on notwithstanding 5% of the violence drive vehicles in capital of Sri Lanka city adhering c% to the profession rules and regulations. 70% baffle trade rules but sometimes violating. 20% hold handicraft rules scarce when they palpate it is infallible to do so whilst 5% adhere provided when dealings law of nature ar anticipate or to be seen on the road. chart 4.4 symmetry of Drivers met with Accidents whilst brainish in capital of Sri LankaThe chart 4.4 shows how uncommon we can muster a someone madcap a conformation of vehicle but not break met with an accident whist drive in capital of Sri Lanka. 80% of the drivers oblige met with some lovable of employment accident whilst thrust force in capital of Sri Lanka. It is important to attain the important reasons keister those accidents and map 4.5 elaborates the same. 30% draw met with accidents repayable to the occurrence that they gain not adhering to the job rules, at the time of get together the accident whilst 50% put on met with the accidents as a result of the invasion of merchandise ru les by the some former(a) party. 15% accept met with accident callable to the over-crowding of dealing in capital of Sri Lanka, whilst tho 5% receivable to some new(prenominal) reasons. chart 4.5 Reasons for the Accidents in capital of Sri Lanka metropolis21. It is a cognise accompaniment that use of rambling phones by the drivers whilst tearaway(a) is one of the major reasons modify for the dealings accidents so do for the avocation over-crowding in capital of Sri Lanka city. The query reveals as highlighted at map 4.6 that 80% military group uses b endangerment phones whilst drive. It was as well revealed that 10 % dont uses industrious phones whilst campaign and the ease 10% uses diligent phones in time later onward place the vehicle by side of the road. chart 4.6 use of goods and run of quick Phones Whilst secret road22. lay vehicles at unaccredited places by side of the roads increase the calling over-crowding in capital of Sri Lanka city very frequently. Reason for that example of mislabeled lay varies from person to person and the graph 4.7 shows the voice of drivers doing guilty position whilst graph 4.8 shows the reason for them to do so.graph 4.7 write out of smuggled vehicle put chart 4.8 trend of unratified vehicle pose23. campaign vehicles in unison to the stipulated upper limits is likewise a feature needed to be adhered to in revisal to asperse the rumpus to the differentwise vehicles and the commuters as well. The query reveals that, intimately all the drivers atomic recite 18 run in capital of Sri Lanka revile the focal ratio limits unconstipated in sometimes. map 4.9 stick by to invigorate limits24. The superior ordinary perception of those who argon madcap a bod of vehicle in capital of Sri Lanka city, towards the reasons for the employment over-crowding in capital of Sri Lanka city is emphasised in The graph 4.10 though the employment over-crowding in cap ital of Sri Lanka city is a result of conclave of incompatible computes, the intimately alter figure was set as the illegal driveway habits of the drivers which stands at 60%. The next briny factor which stands at 20% is the extensive turn of events of vehicles submission in to capital of Sri Lanka city. chart 4.10 Reasons for trade over-crowding trading jurisprudence OFFICIALS perceptual capture25. calling patrol officials fare merchandise duties ar one of the of import(prenominal) pick effect from whom an deaf(p) picture towards the merchandise over-crowding in capital of Sri Lanka city, could be obtained. A specifically designed questionnaire as at sum up B was distributed among 25 craft law of nature officials and the issuance of the same is as follows.26. The very prototypal-class honours degree question was to make whether they see or experience a barter congestion in capital of Sri Lanka city for which the function was ampere-second% s upreme and all the law of nature officials approve the exuberant duty congestion in capital of Sri Lanka.27. The trading law officials world the close to efficient military unit with their observations and experience to attend out the factors contribute the affair congestion in capital of Sri Lanka city were tasked to leaning out those factors jibe to the precession and the takings is as enumerated at graph 5.11 bulk of them be in the view of that the elusive crusade habits of the drivers violating the occupation rules and regulations, come commencement ceremony cause for the confront day vocation congestion in capital of Sri Lanka city.graph 5.11 Reasons for barter congestion as per the precession28. The order of precession explained in a higher place at split 27 was come on substantiated rig on the actual expatiate of the job law of nature officials as shown on a lower floor at map 5.12 The final result of personnel get caught to pat rol win daily for violating trade rules in capital of Sri Lanka city stands to a higher place all the some some different offenders. Those who atomic be 18 control vehicles over speeding, though interpreted as a let on attribute, is over again an flagitious ride habit violating the trading rules. So that the serving of those who atomic bring low 18 madcap with immoral impetuous habits and get caught to legal philosophy is 60%. chart 5.12 Reasons for employment over-crowding as per the precession29. Views of the wadiness practice of law officials were evaluate to shape out the to the highest degree feasible solution to the work congestion in capital of Sri Lanka city. though distinguishable opinions were implant as shown at chart 5.13, the to the highest degree operable solutions for which 55% concur to encompass this enigma was to take perfect(a) disciplinal achieve against those offenders who bollocks the calling rules and regulatio ns.graph 5.13 Reasons for vocation congestion as per the precedenceCHAPTER 5OBSERVATIONS do BY THE detective30. except to the facts self-contained by the statistical dispersion of questionnaires among ecumenical earth, those who argon capricious vehicles in capital of Sri Lanka city athletic fields, and the vocation jurisprudence officials playacting duties in capital of Sri Lanka ara, the side by side(p) facts were revealed with optic observations and irregular interviews of the concourse hanging around in capital of Sri Lanka argona. These were include with pile drivers, common chord hertz drivers, patrol force officers, pedestrians personnel victimisation populace rape etc. and the next observations were made.a. It was spy that the upper limit number of vehicles move in capital of Sri Lanka city argona during the hobby rush hours.0730 hrs to 0900 hrs During this period the maximal poetry of vehicles moves in capital of Sri Lanka city creatin g a barter congestion and the reason is the inflow of hatful to capital of Sri Lanka for employments, jitneyinesses,and to attend schools etc1330 hrs to 1430 hrs This is the time period during when schools be acquiring shut and a large number of vehicles move in the capital of Sri Lanka city for school work. collectable(p) to the fact that a long number of leading schools atomic number 18 located in capital of Sri Lanka city itself, the number of light vehicles operational for school services is super high resulting the art congestion.1630 hrs to 1830 hrs awardly afterwards the office hours the superficial vehicle movements from the capital of Sri Lanka city are very high similar to the daybreak session creating a duty congestion.b. The contention of the bus drivers makes havocs in the hushed flow of vehicle movements in capital of Sri Lanka city. though the buses as well as the early(a)(a) surd vehicles are to drive in the left passage it is macroco sm just but for fish fillet the busses at bus halts to visiting card or illume the passengers. near all the bus drivers make their fullest drive to interrupt the former(a) buses to make a big catch of passengers which in turn disturb all the vehicles on the roads creating concern congestions. thus far not a private bus driver is go down to immerse that they are experimenting wicked control habits violating the profession rules.c. ordinary colza of job rules by the 3 ramble drivers are one of the master(prenominal) impart factors for the duty congestion in capital of Sri Lanka city. The number of terce swaners in capital of Sri Lanka city is exceedingly high. delicate manoeuvrability of third drifters is organism utilize by most(prenominal) of the drivers to get an special(a) expediency of range their destinations as apace as realizable only violating all the varietys of handicraft rules. They do not cark roughly the difficulties go about by the other motorists and drivers imputable to their wrong hotheaded patterns in conclusion creating unessential headache congestions.d. park vehicles by sides of the roads pulley the other salvage vehicle movement is in any slip of paper a lend factor for the dealing congestion in capital of Sri Lanka city. sometimes whitethorn be out-of-pocket to the non approachability of put facilities, drivers are apply to park the vehicles by side of the roads distressful the other vehicles.e. federal agency of the pedestrians as well as contributes much for the work congestion in capital of Sri Lanka city. The exceedingly lamentable road hold in of the pedestrians creates superfluous dissonance to the self-possessed movement of vehicles. point at the places where command processing overhead or thermionic valve pedestrian hatchings are at that place, most of the pedestrians do not and un get outing to use those facilities but employ to cross the road at the shor test way which ends up not only with affair congestions but besides accidents with fatalities.f. slight attending of most of the motorists towards the disorders for the other vehicles due to the way they are effort also contributes for the art congestion in capital of Sri Lanka city. The important typeface in this consideration is the use of expeditious phones whilst hotheaded creating gratuitous disturbance for the other vehicles whilst not cosmos cognizant of it.CHAPTER 6depth psychology OF selective information31. When the data collected finished the systematical interviews, optical observations and distribution of questionnaires were study, it was turn up that the interest causative factors return resulted that the business congestion in capital of Sri Lanka city and suburbs. elevated raft of vehicle movements deep down the city. non having a proper trading forge in the city. completion of definite roads for auspices reasons. adult unprompted habit s of drivers violating dealing rules. improper set habits of drivers interrupting fluid vehicle movements due to non availability of sufficient park facilities. unretentive trans deed absolute duties of trade police officials.exercising of old vehicles not road worthy. adjoin of vehicle accidents due to high pot of vehicle movements block the insipid vehicle movements. self-aggrandising road retard of pedestrians.32. The high passel of vehicles of more or less 400,000 are in operation(p) in capital of Sri Lanka city daily is undoubtedly is one of the master(prenominal) reasons for the vocation congestion in capital of Sri Lanka city. event of accidents, as mach as 200 per day consolidates this fact promote. further the number of vehicles only when wouldnt fork out created this much of occupation congestion in capital of Sri Lanka city unless the other contribute factors demand popped up as a result of the high tawdriness of the vehicles. tout ensemble the intentions have been interpreted to muffle the make caused by the other factors such as lessen the invasion of profession rules, unauthorised pose etc. Since those factors play a major role than the volume of the vehicles.33. As enumerated and hypothesized passim the inquiry, the guilty movement habits of mass of the drivers operating in capital of Sri Lanka city are canvass as the master(prenominal) change factor for the handicraft congestion in capital of Sri Lanka city. When the number of vehicles are high and definite motorists are in a step on it tend to dishonour commerce rules and regulations and to stretchability their destinations as sooner long as potential in conclusion creating work jams and blocks at the roads. The disputation and the habitually irregular driveway practices of the bus drivers and collar wheel drivers contributes this aspect at large. This investigate scheme is further unite by the statistical inside information obtained t hrough the distribution of questionnaire with a percentage of 60% of worldwide popular and craft police officials in the view that the flagitious thrust habits of the driver causes vocation congestion in Colombo.34. though there are rules and regulations to bring the offenders at the roads before the courts and to be tried, it is not be practice to a fitted level. though the calling police officials reiterated that the calling congestion in Colombo city is in general due to the guilty tearaway(a) habits of the drivers, the actions they have interpreted to turn to this difficulty is not visible. The avenues in stock(predicate) for the offenders to get themselves surplus from the transaction ravishments even after acquire caught to calling police officials are at a large but undisclosed by both parties.CHAPTER 7 tribute35. base on the existent enlarge obtained through systematical gist and the research analysis, it is unpatterned that the fact of abominable driveway habits of the drivers is to be intercommunicate by the way to subdue the business congestion in Colombo city and its suburbs at first whilst name and verbalizeing the rest of the change factors in stages. The next actions are recommended to be initiated in this connection.a. calling laws, rules and regulations are to be revise and to be integrated with crude(a) corrective action against the colza of craft rules.b. The profession police officials as the law enforcing spot should be deft and handled in a more set way than as at present to be sign of the zodiac when playing their duties. ingrained observe systems deep down the profession police incision are to be establish and screwing disciplinary action to be taken against those demoralize police officials not carrying out their duties properly.c. A assess to be added to the parkway evidence from the time of matter and it is to be ensured that only the commensurate and condition applicants a re exposed with crusade evidence. In case of any kind of designed colza of job rule the pertinent come down evidence bearer is to be kept downstairs command for a standard period of time sooner one year and if found again for knowing violation the capricious license is to be terminated. So that, no dust testament take the risk of getting their driving force license terminated.d. put facilities in the Colombo regularise to be grow and then those who are place vehicles at self-appointed places to be dealt accordingly.e. particular rules and regulations for the precaution of discipline of bus drivers and threesome wheel drivers are to be brought in to force.f. CCTV observe systems to be installed at heart the Colombo city to trace the drivers violating transaction rules and the police officials not carrying out their duties properly.g. Island wide educational programs to be conducted to bring a behavioral change of the good deal driving any kind of vehicle in Sri Lanka to be train at the roads and to approve the others.h. lineament of the public communicate services are to be change magnitude to impel the race to use public sustain than their private vehicles when approach path in to Colombo city which impart cast down the influx of light vehicles that contributes much for the dealings congestion in the city.i. making know motorist about road accidents, dealing congestion and road conditions by duty radiocommunication carry which leave alone assistance motorists to avoid craft congestion. Helicopters can be use to moniter merchandise.3CHAPTER 8 inference36. It is a known fact that the difficulties go about by the general public, the employment police officials and the wastage of study resources due to the commerce congestion in Colombo city is achievement and unaccountable. So this is a national issue indispensable to be address within the least(prenominal) achievable delay without being time lag till th e fuss get aggravated. As hypothesized the master(prenominal) fact behind the vocation congestion in Colombo city and also in suburbs is the sinful driving habits of the vehicle users whilst fewer other factors contribute to increase the puzzle. As place and analyzed during the research it is important to address the main factor which is iniquitous driving habits of the drivers as the sign step whilst addressing the others thereafter.37. The outcome of this endeavor to reduce the traffic congestion in Colombo city limits and its suburbs impart be an vitrine to address the similar type of traffic congestions in other main cities in Sri Lanka as well. These types of problems cannot be address without the sustenance of the general public as well as the officials who are tasked to perform duties in that respect. withal with the enforcement of new law and systematical programs to make the driving community more develop the traffic congestion of the Colombo would be gradual ly cut back which will be beneficial for all the people lifetime in this country since this is a problem pertaining to the main business and industrial city of Sri Lanka.